Abstract:The rural population of a tropical semi-arid region such as the northeast of Brazil is directly dependent on rainfall for agricultural production, pasture for livestock, and the storage of drinking water for human consumption. The region is characterised by the frequent occurrence of dry years and consecutive dry days (CDD) during the rainy season, demonstrating the vulnerability of rainfed agriculture. The aim of this study therefore, was to identify homogeneous regions of the State of Ceará where there is greater or lesser uncertainty of the rainfall regime. Accordingly, the occurrence of dry and very dry years were investigated as uncertainties between years, together with the occurrence of two classes of CDD (10-20 and 21-30 days) during the rainy season. To define similar regions as to the uncertainty of the rainfall regime, the technique of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was used. The study considered time series of least 30 years, from 77 rain gauge stations around the state of Ceará. The use of HCA resulted in the formation of seven homogenous groups in both of the phenomena being investigated. Municipalities in the Central Backlands, the Inhamuns Backlands and the Jaguaribana Region displayed a higher frequency of both inter-annual (dry years) and intra-annual (CDD) uncertainty, demonstrating the greater vulnerability of rainfed agriculture. The occurrence of a CDD event is not dependent on the total annual rainfall, as several stations with an average rainfall higher than that of the state showed potential for the occurrence of CDD. The number of CDD events recorded in the 11-20 day class was higher than in the 21-30 day class.

ABSTRACT Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) usually present dry seasons of eight or more months. Considering the concerns about the resilience of SDTF to climate changes, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the rainfall regime on fine root growth in a SDTF. The experiment started at the end of the wet season (July 2015), when fine roots were evaluated and ingrowth cores were implemented. The temporal growth of fine roots in the 0-30 cm soil layer was monitored, considering the 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm sublayers, through six samplings from November 2015 to July 2017. The characteristics evaluated were fine root biomass, fine root length, fine root specific length, and fine root mean diameter. The significances of the root growths over time and space were tested by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Fine roots (Ø<2 mm) were separated and dried in an oven (65 °C) until constant weight. The root length was determined using the Giaroots software. The fine root biomass in July 2015 was 7.7±5.0 Mg ha-1 and the length was 5.0±3.2 km m-2. Fine root growth in SDTF is strongly limited by dry periods, occurring decreases in biomass and length of fine roots in all layers evaluated. Fine root growth occurs predominantly in rainy seasons, with fast response of the root system to rainfall events, mainly in root length.

A utilização de cultivares tolerantes à salinidade é uma das estratégias para a produção de alimentos em regiões afetadas pela salinização do solo. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a tolerância de cultivares de pimentão ao estresse salino durante o processo de germinação das sementes e desenvolvimento das plântulas. O experimento foi conduzido em laboratório, adotando-se delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado, em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído por duas cultivares de pimentão (Casca Dura Ikeda e Amarelo SF 134); e o segundo, por cinco níveis de salinidade da água (0,0; 3,0; 6,0; 9,0 e 12,0 dS m-1). Avaliou-se a germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, comprimento de plântula, massa seca da raiz e parte aérea e índice de tolerância à salinidade. De forma geral, a salinidade da água promoveu efeitos deletérios na germinação e crescimento de plântulas das duas cultivares a partir da CE 6,0 dS m-1. A ‘Amarelo SF 134’ indica apresentar tolerância ao estresse salino no processo germinativo, enquanto a ‘Casca Dura Ikeda’, na fase de crescimento inicial de plântulas.