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(Taxonomic applications of leaf anatomy of the Brazilian species of Hypolytrum Rich. (Cyperaceae)). Hypolytrum Rich. (subfamily Mapanioideae) has a pantropical distribution being represented in the Neotropics by 16-21 species, most of them growing in several Brazilian ecosystems. Informations from foliar anatomy was analysed for 10 species of the genus. The most useful characters detected in Hypolytrum species studied here are: the shape of the leaves in cross section, the occurrence of granules (probably formed by silica) on the epidermal cells; features of the cuticle, the hypoderm and the aerenchymatous parenchyma; the number of layers and origin (hypodermal and epidermal) of bulliform cells; the presence of papillae on the abaxial face of the epidermis; and occurence of radiate parenchyma on the smaller bundles. Studies of foliar anatomy showed to be useful in generic and specific delimitation but do not support the taxonomic sections established.RESUMO (Aplicações taxonômicas da anatomia foliar das espécies brasileiras de Hypolytrum Rich. (Cyperaceae)). Hypolytrum Rich. (subfamília Mapanioideae) tem distribuição pantropical e está representado por 16-21 espécies na região Neotropical, das quais grande parte ocorre no Brasil habitando diferentes ecossistemas. São apresentados dados de anatomia foliar com maior relevância taxonômica para 10 espécies do gênero. Entre eles, destacam-se: formato da folha em secção transversal; presença de grânulos, provavelmente de sílica, em células epidérmicas; aspectos da cutícula, da hipoderme e do parênquima lacunoso; número de camadas e origem (hipodérmica e epidérmica) das células buliformes; presença de células epidérmicas papilosas; e ocorrência de parênquima radiado nos feixes menores. Os estudos de anatomia foliar mostram-se relevantes na delimitação genérica e específica, porém não apoiam as secções taxonômicas estabelecidas.

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

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Xyris é um gênero com ca. 400 espécies, distribuídas predominantemente na região tropical, podendo chegar em áreas temperadas das Américas e Austrália. A Cadeia do Espinhaço concentra grande riqueza de espécies de Xyris, gênero que figura entre os mais ricos dentre as monocotiledôneas ocorrentes nessa cadeia montanhosa. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova espécie de Xyris em homenagem à sua localidade tipo, o Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, localizado no extremo nordeste do Planalto de Diamantina, na Cadeia do Espinhaço (Minas Gerais). São fornecidas ilustrações dos caracteres diagnósticos, comparação com espécies morfologicamente relacionadas, assim como informações sobre ecologia e fenologia da nova espécie.

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