RESUMO
ABSTRACTThis paper intends to discuss the academic freedom, its role and its possible limits and borders, from the paradigm of the Democratic Constitutional State, as configured in our constitutional text of October 1988. The discussion focuses on the relationship between the critical and investigative role expected of the Universities and of its members in relation to the socalled legislative proposals of the Escola Sem Partido movement. Hence, it explores if these proposals do not offend the constitutional freedom of professors, students, technicians and researchers, in addition to the higher education institutions themselves, when subjects that gravitate around their roles and responsibilities are taken into account. For this purpose, keeping in mind our own constitutional context, we decided to use Comparative Law, focusing on decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States that deal with the same issue addressed here. The analysis indicates that academic freedom has an essential and constitutionally recognized role in the Constitutional Democracy.
The paper discusses the relationship between theory and practice of Law that makes fragile the legalist paradigm and demands a new paradigm that takes into account legal pluralism. This change of paradigm is provoked by the recognition of new constitutional subjects who demand different interpretations of legal texts, and this makes clear the hermeneutical and the political aspects of Law. The functions of statutory law and its deadlock are also discussed. The thoughts on Law Jurisprudence are illustrated by examples of the ground work of the 'Pólos de Cidadania' Program, an experience that lets one visualize the crisis of Modern Law and the possibilities of overcoming it.
ResumoO artigo discute o Projeto de Lei brasileiro 7582/2014, que pretende definir e coibir os crimes de ódio e intolerância e, por consequência, também tratar dos denominados discursos de ódio, iniciativas similares e sua consonância com os princípios adotados pelo Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, ressaltando a força protetiva do diálogo de fontes. Assim, realizam-se incursões no Direito Comparado, sempre com intuito de comprovar que o citado projeto de lei não é um ato isolado, mas que está inserido em uma complexa e abrangente rede protetiva, a qual enfatiza a questão da vulnerabilidade discursiva e normativa de certos grupos sociais.
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