Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which is triggered by gluten intake in genetically susceptible individuals. The most important serological markers used for CD diagnosis are test based on immunoglobulin (Ig) A isotype, being the determination of tissue anti-transglutaminase IgA (tTG) 2 the marker of choice for diagnosis. Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is more prevalent in CD patients than in the general population, making the serologically diagnosis of the diseasedifficult. In the present descriptive observational study, 74 adult patients with a confirmed CD diagnosis were included and anti-tTG2 IgA was determined by using ELISA assay in order to detect those patients with undetermined or negative levels, which could present SIgAD. The total IgA level was determined in these patients and the mean concentration was 237.8 ± 100.6 mg/dL. In a female patient, total IgA was less than 7 mg/dL, with normal IgG and IgM levels, characteristic of SIgAD. Thus, the calculated frequency of SIgAD was 1.35% of the CD study population. In conclusion, this work is a first approach to describe the frequency of SIgAD in CD patients of the country and reaffirms the importance of including total IgA determination in the case of conducting IgA-based serological tests specific for CD.
Fecha de envío 19/10/21 Fecha de aprobación 01/12/21 Palabras claves enfermedad celíaca, dieta, libre de gluten, inflamación, citoquinas, interferón gamma. ResumenIntroducción: La enfermedad celíaca (EC) es una enteropatía crónica autoinmune, con inflamación principal a nivel del intestino delgado, gatillada por la exposición al gluten de la dieta en individuos genéticamente susceptibles. Las citoquinas inflamatorias se encuentran implicadas en la patogénesis de la EC, entre ellas una citoquina relevante es el interferón gamma (IFN-γ). Los niveles de esta citoquina se encuentran alterados en la EC y se relaciona con daños a la mucosa intestinal. La dieta libre de gluten (DLG) es el único tratamiento efectivo para la EC. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de una DLG sobre los niveles circulantes de IFN-γ en pacientes adultos paraguayos con EC. métodos: Se incluyeron 40 pacientes con EC, de los cuales 20 no presentaban DLG debido a su diagnóstico reciente y 20 presentaban una DLG. Además, se incluyeron 15 sujetos controles aparentemente sanos. Resultados: Los pacientes con EC sin DLG presentaron niveles séricos de IFN-γ aumentados respecto al grupo control. Contrariamente, los pacientes con DLG no presentaron diferencias en los niveles de la citoquina al comparar con el grupo control. Conclusión: Los niveles séricos de la citoquina pro-inflamatoria IFN-γ se encontraron elevados en los pacientes adultos con EC sin una DLG en comparación a individuos controles, lo cual aporta información sobre el proceso inflamatorio presente en este grupo de pacientes. Effect of gluten-free diet on interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in patients with celiac
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