Clusia minor L. is traditionally used to treat many disorders that including pain and inflammation such as sores and warts. Four extracts from the leaves of plant were prepared: hexane (CMH-A), ethyl acetate (CMH-B), methanol (CMH-C) and ethanol (CMH-E) and the pharmacological (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties) and toxicity effects were examined. Previously, the main constituents from CMH-A extract was revealed. Here, we present the GC/MS analysis of CMH-B and CMH-C. Thirty three compounds were identified in the CMH-B extract and twenty seven compounds in the CMH-C. The presence of D-α-tocopherol and lupeol was relevant in both extracts. The only sterols identified were sitosterol and stigmasterol. All of them showed effective radical scavenger properties in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, being CMH-E extract the most promissory (IC50 = 10.25 µg/mL). CMH-A, C and E extracts, administered topically (0.5–4 mg per ear), significant reduced ear edema induced by croton oil at 4 mg per ear, meanwhile CMH-B that was be able to significant reduce the inflammation at the dose of 2 mg per ear. We evaluated also the cytotoxic activity of the extracts against kidney cells (BHK), colon cancer (CT26), endothelial cancer cells (EA.hy926) and breast cancer (4T1). CMH-B extract showed the most cytotoxicity effect, with IC50 values in the range of 32.01-203.5 µg/mL. In addition, no oral acute toxicity after mice exposure to Clusia minor L. extracts was observed. The results suggest Clusia minor L. may be a good potential source of new bioactive agents for developing medicinal agents.
Phyla dulcis (Trevir.) Moldenke, comúnmente conocido como orozus, es una planta de la familia Verbenaceae ampliamente distribuida en el territorio guatemalteco. Además de su propiedad edulcorante, posee diversos usos medicinales, destacándose su propiedad bactericida, antiespasmódica y antiinflamatoria que se usa para tratar enfermedades respiratorias como catarro, tos y bronquitis. Esta especie posee variaciones químicas a nivel de poblaciones (Souto-Bachiller, 1997) que podrían indicar una variación a nivel de caracteres anatómicos tanto organolépticos como macroscópicos y microscópicos. Por esta razón, y debido a la necesidad de llenar vacíos de información científica que valide el uso popular de plantas de la región, así como la de generar información a nivel de control de calidad para laboratorios productores de fitofármacos, este estudio presenta los resultados de la comparación anatómica de 30 individuos de tres poblaciones diferentes. Los procedimientos estadísticos realizados no revelaron diferencias anatómicas intra o inter poblacionales. Con esto se concluye que la droga cruda consiste en hojas desecadas cuyas características organolépticas más relevantes son su sabor muy dulce y olor aromático. La hoja es anfiestomática, con estomas en su mayoría anomocíticos, aunque también puede presentar paracíticos y diacíticos y una epidermis uniestratificada con cutícula estriada y células grandes y de paredes ligeramente onduladas en el haz y en el envés más pequeñas y altamente sinuadas. La hoja presenta en el haz abundantes tricomas tectores unicelulares y pluricelulares de tipo simple con base en roseta o base simple. Los tricomas que abundan en el envés son de tipo glandular, capitados, globosos, uni o pluricelulares. El mesófilo de la hoja suele presentar dos capas de parénquima en empalizada diferenciado del parénquima esponjoso. La vena central posee los mismos tejidos que el limbo y además cuenta con un haz vascular de tipo colateral. El pecíolo presenta una epidermis uniestratificada, seguido de 2-4 capas de colénquima, parénquima y un haz vascular colateral en forma de U. Todas las variables estudiadas a nivel microscópico fueron tomadas en cuenta para la elaboración de la cartilla micrográfica.
Introduction: Euphorbia lancifolia Schltdl. (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal specie of central America origin, known as Ixbut in Guatemala, widely recognized for its important natural galactogogue activity. Methods: as identity test we here run macro and micro morphoanatomical studies of the characters of the vegetative organs. We also developed standard chemical tests for quality by both TLC and HPLC for infusions and tinctures of varying alcoholic strength. Their radical scavenging activities in DPPH and NO were also measured. Results: macro and micro morphoanatomical characters of the vegetative organs present a set of characteristics to facilitate the identification of dry powdered samples of this species. We developed optimal conditions for the TLC and HPLC phytochemical fingerprints of the 4 most common pharmacopoeial liquid herbal preparations from this herbal drug, namely infusion, 70%, 45% and 20% hydroalcoholic tinctures. Conclusions: Our work provides the Latin-American industry with a set of analyses to establish the identity and chemistry of E. lancifolia samples for quality control purposes.
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