Three studies of Spanish students with low vision, aged 4–7, 8–11, and 12–17, found that overall, the participants’ scores for some dimensions of self-concept were lower than those of comparison groups of sighted students of the same ages. Because the participants with low vision were found to have difficulty coping with a number of situations in their school and social lives, it is suggested that teaching and learning methods should be changed to incorporate strategies, such as cooperative learning, that may help improve the self-concept and academic performance of students with low vision.
The purpose of the study was to improve the visual functioning of people with restriction in contrast sensitivity (CS), such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), by means of a visual training program. Twenty-six volunteers with RP participated, distributed in two groups: 15 who made up the experimental group (who received the training program) and 11 who participated as a control group (without training). Participants were evaluated before beginning training, on completion, and 3 mo following completion for CS with the Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity (P&R) test, visual functioning with the Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ), and in emotional state with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The training program is based on software that generates luminous stimuli of varying duration and intensity and registers the stimuli perceived by the subject. The outcomes showed significant differences posttraining in the experimental group in depression (F1,14 = 5.42; p < 0.04), VFQ (Z = -2.27; p < 0.02), and P&R in the right eye (Z = -1.99; p < 0.046) and left eye (Z = -2.30; p < 0.02) but not in binocular (Z = -0.96; p < 0.34). The outcomes showed that the experimental group made significant progress in all variables and these effects remained after 3 mo, which suggests that the program could be a helpful addition to RP rehabilitation and help mitigate the damage.
Resumen: Investigaciones previas han resaltado dificultades en autoconcepto y presencia de depresión en personas con una patología degenerativa visual (retinosis pigmentaria), pero no se conoce si existe relación entre estas variables, la estimación del número de personas de apoyo en caso de necesidad y la edad; siendo éste el primer objetivo del estudio, realizado con 51 personas (36.5% hombres y 63.5% mujeres) (M edad = 41.85) que padecen esta problemática; y determinar, en segundo lugar, si el nivel de depresión influye en el autoconcepto. Se utilizó la Escala de Autoconcepto Tennesse (Fitts, 1965), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (Beck, Rush, Shaw, y Emery, 1979) y un documento sociodemográfico. La correlación de Pearson revela que el número de personas de apoyo correlaciona con los factores de autoconcepto físico y personal, la edad con puntuaciones más altas en depresión, asociándose ésta a menores puntuaciones justo en los dos factores mencionados. El MANCOVA efectuado confirma que las personas con depresión se percibían más negativamente en todos los factores de autoconcepto. Se concluye recomendando prevenir la depresión y favorecer la mejora del autoconcepto con el fin de potenciar la competencia personal, calidad de vida y funcionamiento visual de esta población. Palabras clave: Autoconcepto; depresión; degeneración retiniana; retinosis pigmentaria; adultos.Title: Relationship between self-concept and depression level in people with Retinitis Pigmentosa. Abstract: Previous studies have highlighted difficulties in self-concept and the presence of depression in people with a degenerative visual pathology visual (Retinitis Pigmentosa), but it is not known if there is a relationship between these variables, the estimate of the number of support people in case of need and age; this being the first objective of the study, carried out with 51 people affected (36.5% men and 63.5% women) (M age = 41.85); and secondly, to analyze if depression level could influence some selfconcept factors. Instruments such as the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Fitts, 1965), the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. A Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the number of support people correlates with the factors of physical and personal self-concept, age is associated with higher scores on depression, associating this to lower scores in the two factors above-mentioned. The MANCOVA made confirms that people with higher level of depression were perceived more negatively in all selfconcept factors. It concludes recommending to prevent depression and to promote the improvement of the self-concept, in order to enhance the personal competence, the quality of life and visual functioning of this people.
Resumen: El propósito del estudio ha sido conocer posibles limitaciones en el nivel de accesibilidad de las páginas principales y de estudiantes, de los sitios web de 74 Universidades españolas, para lo cual se ha utilizado la herramienta TAW, que permite analizar, de acuerdo a la norma WCAG 2.0, la existencia de barreras en ellas. Después de revisar automática y manualmente los Principios, Pautas y Criterios de conformidad de la norma, en sus niveles de prioridad A y AA, un análisis porcentual constata que ni una sola de las universidades los supera en su totalidad en ninguna de las dos páginas analizadas, aunque la mejor situada en accesibilidad es la de Granada en ambas páginas, seguida de la de Alicante. Se concluye recomendando hacer chequeos y ajustes para resolver estos problemas y facilitar la accesibilidad web.Palabras clave: Accesibilidad Web; WCAG 2.0; TAW; discapacidad; universidad. The State of Web Accessibility in Spanish Universities according to WCAG 2.0Abstract: Abstract: The purpose of the study has been to learn of possible limitations in the level of accessibility of 74 Spanish universities' web sites. The tool, TAW, was used to detect the existing barriers in each web, based on the WCAG 2.0 regulation. After an automatic and manual review of the principles, guidelines and criteria of priority levels A and AA, a percentage analysis showed that none of the universities surpassed these aspects entirely for either of the two web pages analysed, although the university with the best accessibility on both web pages was the University of Granada, followed by the University of Alicante. The study concludes by recommending revisions and adjustments to resolve these problems and to facilitate web accessibility.
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