Summary We conducted a computer simulation study to determine the effect of using an iterative or noniterative multinomial logistic regression analysis (MLR) to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in polytomous items. A simple iteration in which ability is defined as total observed score in the test is compared with a two-step MLR in which the ability was purified by eliminating the DIF items. Data were generated to simulate several biased tests. The factors manipulated were: DIF effect size (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5), percentage of DIF items in the test (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%), DIF type (uniform and nonuniform) and sample size (500, 1000 and 2000). Item scores were generated using the graded response model. The MLR procedures were consistently able to detect both uniform and nonuniform DIF. When the two-step MLR procedure was used, the false-positive rate (the proportion of non-DIF items that were detected as DIF) decreased and the correct identification rate increased slightly. The purification process results in an improvement in the correct detection rate only in uniform DIF, large sample size, and large amount of DIF conditions. For nonuniform DIF there is no difference between the MLR-WP and MLR-TP procedures.
The differential item functioning (DIF) detection in polytomous response items is an area of study of recent interest. Cohen and colleagues proposed a polytomous extension of the Lord statistic and the Raju exact area measures, when the items fit the graded response model. This study examined the effects of test purification in detecting DIF by means of polytomous extensions of the Raju area measures and the Lord statistic. The factors manipulated were percentage of DIF items in the test (5%, 10%, and 20%), amount of DIF (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8), sample size (250, 500, and 1,000) and test purification (noniterative versus two-stage). The results of this study suggest that the use of the two-stage equating procedure with Z(SA) and χ2-LORD reduces the percentage of false positives and improves the detection of DIF.
A high percentage of students regularly took part in physical activity. However, some of them did not reach the minimum parameters for obtaining health-related benefits. The percentage of students consuming alcohol and smoking was high. Programs must be implemented for promoting healthy habits in university students, specifically aimed at optimizing taking part in sports and preventing and reducing smoking and drinking alcohol.
Resumen: Las lesiones deportivas son una de las consecuencias más negativas que se derivan de la práctica deportiva. Son múltiples los factores que pueden estar en su origen, creciendo el interés en la búsqueda de las variables psicológicas que se encuentran asociados a su producción. En el presente estudio se evaluó a 84 deportistas de cuatro disciplinas individuales, de diferentes categorías de competición y nivel competitivo. Se registran 247 lesiones en el período de dos años, una media de 2.94 por deportista (1.47 por año), existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medias de lesiones de los cuatro deportes estudiados. Los deportistas de mayor edad sufren más lesiones, al igual que aquellos de mayor nivel de rendimiento. Mediante la administración del 16PF-5, IPED y SCAT, se obtiene que los deportistas con bajas puntuaciones en Estabilidad Emocional y Control de Afrontamiento Negativo, y altas en Ansiedad, presentan un mayor promedio de lesiones. Los sujetos sin lesiones se diferencian de los lesionados por mayores niveles de Estabilidad Emocional, Privacidad y Apertura al cambio, Control de Afrontamiento, y menores de Ansiedad. Existen correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el número de lesiones y las puntuaciones de Estabilidad Emocional, Tensión, Aprensión, Ansiedad, y ansiedad rasgo competitiva. Palabras clave: Personalidad; variables psicológicas; lesiones deportivas; deporte competitivo; competición.Title: Psychological characteristics associated with the incidence of sports injuries in athletes of individual sport. Abstract: Sports injuries are one of the most negative consequences resulting from the practice of sports. There are many factors that may cause them, and right now there is growing interest in the psychological variables associated to their causes. The present study evaluated 84 athletes from four individual disciplines, different categories of competition and competitive level. 247 injuries were recorded during a two-year period with an average of 2.94 per athlete (1.47 per year). Statistically significant differences between the four studied sports injuries have been found. The older athletes suffered more injuries, as well as those with higher levels of performance. By administering the 16PF-5, IPED and SCAT, we find that athletes with low scores on Emotional Stability and Negative Energy Control, and high scores in Anxiety, have a higher injury rate. No injured subjects present a difference with the injured ones in their higher levels of Emotional Stability, Privateness and Openness to change, Control Coping, as well as in their lower Anxiety levels. Statistically significant correlations exist between the number of injuries and the athletes' scores in Emotional Stability, Tension, Apprehension, Anxiety, and competitive trait anxiety. Key words: Personality; psychological variables; sports injuries; competitive sport; competition. IntroducciónLas lesiones son probablemente las consecuencias más negativas que se derivan de la práctica deportiva. La cr...
Consumo de alcohol en escolares: descenso de la edad de inicio y cambios en los patrones de ingesta.ESPADA SÁNCHEZ, J. P.; MÉNDEZ CARRILLO, F. X.; HIDALGO MONTESINOS, M. D.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.