No abstract

A maior parte dos ovos comercializados no Brasil é produzida com alta tecnologia por poedeiras comerciais modernas criadas em gaiolas especiais. Estas aves são híbridas: cruzamentos industriais de várias linhagens genéticas após várias gerações resultaram em uma galinha com alta eficiência na produção de ovos.O ovo está conservado convenientemente quando se mantêm inalterados seu sabor e valor nutritivo. Fatores como linhagem, tamanho do ovo, condições ambientais e a idade da ave podem influenciar na proporção de componentes do ovo.Os ovos recém-postos possuem clara de qualidade, dependendo da idade da ave. Poedeiras jovens apresentam melhor qualidade da clara quando comparadas com aves mais velhas. A qualidade da clara e a distância entre o blastodermo e a casca se mantêm constantes durante períodos maiores em aves novas. Para a manutenção da alta qualidade dos ovos, Jones et al. (2002) demonstraram que o tempo e a temperatura são fatores importantes que devem ser controlados durante o período de armazenamento. A qualidade interna de ovos AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and period of storage on the quality of eggs of commercial laying hens submitted to diets with corn, soy, and vegetal oils with energy level of 2850 kcal ME/kg and 18% of protein. The experimental procedure involved 224 commercial laying hens of the HY-LINE W-36 line, which were 23 weeks of age, divided into 5 cycles of 28 days. The isolated effect and the interaction of storage temperature (ambient and refrigeration) and storage period (7, 14 e 21 day) were evaluated. The variables studied were loss of weight, percentage of the yolk, percentage of the white, specific gravity, Haugh units, and coloration of raw egg yolk. The increase in the period of the storage of eggs, independent of the maintenance temperature, caused egg weight loss and reduced the specific gravity, Haugh unit values, and coloration of the raw egg yolk. The eggs kept under refrigeration presented (p < 0.05) smaller loss of weight and better (p < 0.05) percentage of the yolk, specific gravity, Haugh units and coloration of the raw egg yolk when compared with eggs kept at room temperature. It was evidenced that the quality of eggs changes significantly (p > 0.05) according to the storage temperature and period of storage, mainly for the following parameters: weight loss, percentages of the yolk and, specific gravity, and Haugh units. Keywords: white; coloration; specific gravity; yolk; laying hens. ResumoA pesquisa foi desenvolvida objetivando avaliar o efeito da temperatura e período de estocagem de ovos de poedeiras comerciais submetidas a dietas à base de milho, soja e óleo vegetal com nível de energia de 2.850 kcal EM/kg e proteína de 18%. O ensaio envolveu um plantel com 224 poedeiras comerciais da linhagem Hy-line W-36, com 23 semanas de idade, dividido em 5 ciclos de 28 dias. Foi avaliado o efeito isolado e a interação de dois fatores: temperatura de conservação (ambiente e de refrigeração) e período de estocagem (7, 14 e 21...

No abstract

RESUMO -Este experimento foi conduzido com os objetivos de avaliar o desempenho e o peso dos órgãos do trato gastrointestinal e analisar economicamente a produção de frangos de corte submetidos a dietas à base de sorgo e soja, suplementadas ou não com complexo multienzimático (xilanase, amilase, protease), nas fases inicial (experimento I) e final (experimento II) de crescimento. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três níveis de sorgo = 0, 50 e 100% e dois níveis de enzima = 0 e 0,1%), em que a unidade experimental foi constituída de um boxe com 17 aves e oito repetições por tratamento. No experimento I (1 a 21 dias), não houve efeito significativo do nível de substituição do milho pelo sorgo sobre o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Entretanto, o acréscimo no nível de sorgo ocasionou redução no peso relativo da moela e a suplementação enzimática aumentou o peso relativo do jejuno e íleo. No experimento II (22 a 42 dias), não houve efeito significativo do nível de substituição do milho pelo sorgo sobre o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e os pesos relativos do duodeno, jejuno, íleo e ceco. A suplementação enzimática reduziu significativamente o rendimento de carcaça e aumentou o peso do proventrículo, da moela e do pâncreas. A análise econômica revelou que o sorgo pode substituir 50% do milho em rações para frangos de corte nas fases inicial e final do crescimento. Palavras-chave: desempenho, enzimas, sorgo, trato gastrointestinalEffects of feeding sorghum-soya of enzymatic supplementation on broiler chickens based diet ABSTRACT -The trial was conducted to evaluate the performance and morphologic changes of gastrointestinal tract and economic analysis for broilers fed sorghum-soybean meal-based diets, supplemented or not with multienzymatic complex (xilanase, amylase, protease), in the starting (experiment I) and finishing (experiment II) phases. The experiment was analyzed as a randomized block design with a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement [three sorghum levels (0, 50, and 100%) x enzyme level (0 and 100%)]. The experimental unit was a box with 17 birds and eight replicates per treatment. In the experiment I (1 to 21 days), the sorghum-based diets did not affect feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion. However, the increase of level sorghum decreased gizzard weight and of enzyme increased jejunum and ileum weights. In the experiment II (22 to 42 days), the sorghum-based diets also did not affect broilers feed intake, weight gain, feed:gain ratio, and relative weights of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum. Increasing enzyme levels decreased significantly carcass yield and increased weights pf proventriculus, gizzard and pancreas. Based on the economic analysis, it is suggested the corn replacement with sorghum of 50% for starting and finishing broilers.Key Words: enzymes, gastrointestinal tract, performance, sorghum IntroduçãoO sorgo é cultivado extensivamente em todo o mundo, especialmente nas zonas áridas e semi-árid...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of alternative lineages of broiler chickens created with access to paddock. Were used 312 one day broiler chickens, house data density of 6.4birds/m2in the internal area and 2m2/animal in the pasture area. The treatments consisted of each lineage used in the experiment: Redbro Cou Nu, Gris Barré Cou Nu, Master Gris Cou PlumeandGris Barré Cou Plume. The statistical design was completely randomized with four treatments and six repetitions. For study the growth, the Gompertz equation showed a better adjustment compared with others. The lineageMaster Gris Cou Plumegot the greatest asymptotic weight, absolute growth rate and lowest viability, higher average weight and weight gain when compared to lineage Gris Barré Cou Nu. Even with the differences in zoo technical performance among the lineages studied, not the significance of differences between means indicates there is a ratio of body weight after fasting and weight of the eviscerated carcass.Showed highercarcass weight, chest, thigh + drumstick, wing and backin the lineage Master Gris Cou Plume, compared to Gris Barré Cou Nu andGris Barré Cou Plume. The lineages Redbro Cou Nu and Master Gris Cou Plumehad similar performance, but the Redbro Cou Nu,showed growth characteristics more suitable to alternative creations with access to paddock area.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that affects sensitive and motor functions. Many population studies were made with the intent of knowing better the most affected groups and the disease manifestations. These review analyses some of those studies, evaluating risk factors, especially genetic relations of Human Leukocyte Antigen DRB1 (HLA-DRB1) gens, for developing clinical disease. Method: We have analyzed 57 articles, published between 2009 and 2014, with the key words "multiple sclerosis", "genetic association studies" and "HLA-DRB1 chains", through the Scopus database. Only 18 articles were eligible for our study; they were read entirely and included in the final analysis. Results: Most studies imply genetic and environmental factors for the incidence of MS, its age of starting and prognosis. Previous studies have shown that many gens are related in MS pathogenesis and that interactions between them are important in determining clinical manifestations. Limitations: Different results were observed when different populations were targeted in the studies. Conclusion: There is an important relation between HLA-DRB1 and MS in diverse population groups. Complementary studies are needed to know better the importance of environmental factors and its interaction with gens in the development of MS.

No abstract

RESUMO. Para estudar o efeito da substituição do milho pelo sorgo, com ou sem a adição do pigmento natural, páprica, na ração de poedeiras comerciais, 160 poedeiras Hy-Line W36, (47 semanas de idade), distribuídas ao acaso, em duas aves por gaiola de 25 cm, divididas em cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições de oito aves cada, foram utilizadas. A ração controle foi à base de milho e farelo de soja e as demais substituíram o milho pelo sorgo, de baixo tanino, na proporção de 50 ou 100%. A páprica, quando adicionada, foi em 500 g t -1 e 1.000 g t -1 para os níveis de sorgo de 50 e 100%, respectivamente. A substituição do milho por sorgo não afetou o desempenho na postura, mas reduziu a pigmentação da gema. A coloração da gema, com a adição do pigmento natural, em ambas dosagens, foi superior ao controle, porém a dosagem de 1.000 g t -1 reduziu a postura.Palavras-chave: cor da gema, pigmento natural, produção de ovos, tanino.ABSTRACT. Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with sorghum and paprika based diets to replace the corn. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the substitution of the corn for sorghum, with or without supplementation of paprika, as natural pigment, in the diets of laying hens. The experiment was conducted with 160 HyLine W36 layer hens (47 weeks of age), kept in cages of 25 cm, distributed in a completely randomized design, with eight birds and four replications. The control diet was on a corn and soybean meal base and the other diets had 50 or 100% of substitution of corn by sorghum, low tannin. The paprika, when supplemented, was added in 500 g t -1 or 1,000 g t -1 . to the ration of low or high sorghum levels, respectively. The substitution of the corn by sorghum did not affect the performance of laying hens, but decreased the yolk pigmentation. When the natural pigment was added, in both dosages, the yolk pigmentation was higher than that obtained from the control diet, but the level of 1,000 g t -1 . reduced the performance of layers.