Vitreoretinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a rare disorder, occurring as primary ocular disease or as secondary involvement by primary central nervous system lymphoma. It is usually diagnosed by cytologic, immunocytochemical, and molecular examination of vitreous aspirates. However, distinguishing vitreoretinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from uveitis remains difficult, and clonality analysis may be either unsuccessful or misleading. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arising in immune-privileged sites (eg, the central nervous system) shows a high frequency of MYD88 mutations. Therefore, we retrospectively assessed the frequency of MYD88 mutations in vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) and their diagnostic potential in 75 vitrectomy samples of 69 patients, and validated our results in a separate cohort (n = 21). MYD88 mutations were identified in 20 of 29 (69%) clinically, histologically, and molecularly confirmed VRL, including 6 cases of the test cohort initially diagnosed as reactive (3/6) or suspicious (3/6) for lymphoma. MYD88 mutations, especially L265P, are very frequent in VRL and their detection significantly improves the diagnostic yield of vitrectomy specimens.

The artificial iris prosthesis revealed a good clinical outcome in terms of long-term stability, cosmetic appearance, visual function, and represents a good functional iris diaphragm for compartmentalisation. Complications such as glaucoma, darkening of iris tissue, and need for consecutive anterior segment surgery are clearly associated with implants with integrated fiber mesh, but not to those without. Hence, the use of full iris prostheses without embedded fiber mesh, even in cases with remnant iris, and the use of slightly smaller implants than officially recommended may be beneficial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pupil size of normal subjects at different illumination levels with a novel pupillometer. The pupil size of healthy study participants was measured with an infraredvideo PupilX pupillometer (MEye Tech GmbH, Alsdorf, Germany) at five different illumination levels (0, 0.5, 4, 32, and 250 lux). Measurements were performed by the same investigator. Ninety images were executed during a measurement period of 3 seconds. The absolute linear camera resolution was approximately 20 pixels per mm. This cross-sectional study analysed 490 eyes of 245 subjects (mean age: 51.9 ± 18.3 years, range: 6-87 years). On average, pupil diameter decreased with increasing light intensities for both eyes, with a mean pupil diameter of 5.39 ± 1.04 mm at 0 lux, 5.20 ± 1.00 mm at 0.5 lux, 4.70 ± 0.97 mm at 4 lux, 3.74 ± 0.78 mm at 32 lux, and 2.84 ± 0.50 mm at 250 lux illumination. Furthermore, it was found that anisocoria increased by 0.03 mm per life decade for all illumination levels (R 2 = 0.43). Anisocoria was higher under scotopic and mesopic conditions. This study provides additional information to the current knowledge concerning age-and light-related pupil size and anisocoria as a baseline for future patient studies. ARTICLE HISTORY

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