Anastrepha ludens es una de las plagas que afectan severamente la producción de frutas en México y otros países neotropicales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la virulencia y el efecto en la metamorfosis de cuatro aislados nativos y una cepa de colección de Isaria fumosorosea sobre A. ludens mediante bioensayos bajo condiciones de laboratorio [25 ± 2 °C; 60 ± 5 % (HR); 12:12 h (L: O)] exponiendo larvas y pupas a una concentración de 1 × 108 blastosporas/ml mediante dos diferentes métodos, asperjado directo y asperjado de suelo. Los aislados HIB-23 e HIB-30 mostraron la más alta mortalidad sobre A. ludens mediante el método de asperjado directo sobre larvas (84 %) mientras que el aislado HIB-19 tuvo el más alto porcentaje de interrupción de la metamorfosis (43 %) sobre A. ludens por el método de aspersión directa sobre pupas. Estos resultados sugieren que A. ludens es susceptible al ataque por I. fumosorosea y esto puede influir en la terminación de su ciclo de vida.
Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) was cultured on three culture media: a reference medium and two new media. Then, spore-crystal complexes were recovered and evaluated against Aedes aegypti larvae. After two formulations, tablets and granulates, were prepared, then irradiated with ultraviolet light and evaluated for larval mortality and residual activities. The most toxic extract was obtained in soluble medium 1 showing the lowest LC50 of 0.3748 mg/L. When Bti extract was formulated and tested in the laboratory, the granulated formulations, presented approximately 90%-100% mortality, during the first 3 days post-application, whereas tablets showed <60% mortality. At 14 days post application, only granulates 2 and 3 showed >40%, whereas unformulated extract presented 22% mortality. The formulations showed reduced mortality of 5%-12% (tablets) and granular (6%-11%) after 72 hours of exposure to UV light; otherwise, reductions in the unformulated Bti extract were higher (32%).
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