El arroyo Calimayo pertenece a la cuenca del río Salí, principal red fluvial de la región. Este sistema lótico fue conocido por su gran diversidad biológica. Debido a la instalación de una papelera y sus efluentes las condiciones ecológicas se modificaron. El objetivo fue analizar el fitoplancton y la calidad del agua del arroyo Calimayo. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales desde invierno/2012 hasta otoño/2013 en tres sitios (S1: tramo alto, S2 y S3: sectores medio y bajo, respectivamente). Se recolectaron muestras ambientales y biológicas según metodología convencional. Los mayores registros de temperatura, pH y conductividad eléctrica se presentaron en S2 y S3. El S1 tuvo los máximos valores de oxígeno disuelto y la menor demanda bioquímica de oxígeno. Las diatomeas sobresalieron tanto cuali como cuantitativamente del resto de los grupos algales. El análisis de redundancia (RDA) permitió diferenciar dos grupos fitoplanctónicos en relación a variables abióticas. El S1 estuvo influenciado por estacionalidad, litología y fisicoquímica del agua, denotando un buen estado ecológico. En S2-S3 las condiciones ecológicas se vieron afectadas por el estado trófico del agua y los efluentes polutos, por lo que la calidad del agua y el fitoplancton se vieron notoriamente deteriorados. La ficoflora resultó ser un buen indicador de las condiciones ecológicas de este sistema lótico. Podemos afirmar que las condiciones limnológicas de este arroyo desde la década del 90 hasta la actualidad, fueron degradándose por la presencia de los efluentes industriales
Tucumán se destaca por sus riquezas en recursos naturales e hídricos. Los estudios ficológicos se basaron principalmente en el fitoplancton, siendo escaso el análisis de la ficoflora epilítica. Los objetivos fueron analizar la taxocenosis epilítica y variables fisicoquímicas del arroyo durante un ciclo anual y contribuir al conocimiento de la ficoflora del NOA. Se estudiaron muestras fisicoquímicas y biológicas recolectadas durante 2012-2013. El agua tuvo un pH alcalino, se caracterizó como bicarbonatada-cálcica, oligosapróbica (verano/13) y oligo-?-mesosapróbica en las otras estaciones. La mineralización fue media y el arroyo estuvo bien oxigenado. La Clase Bacillariohyceae presentó 69 taxones seguida de las Divisiones Cyanophyta (10), Chlorophyta (5) y Rhodophyta (1). Las especies siempre presentes fueron: Amphipleura lindheimerii, Cocconeis placentula var. lineata, Cymbella affinis, Gomphonema olivaceum, G. parvulum, Luticola mutica, Navicula tripunctata, Nitzschia palea, Orthoseira roeseana, Planothidium lanceolatum, P. frequentissimum, Reimeria uniseriata, Rhoicosphenia abbreviata, Ulnaria ulna, Oedogonium sp., Lyngbya sp.1, Myxosarcina spectabilis, Oscillatoria sp. 1 y 2. Las mayores densidades se presentaron en época invernal. De un total de 85 taxones, 70 se citan por primera vez para el epiliton y Myxosarcina spectabilis es un nuevo registro para Tucumán. La composición de la ficoflora estuvo influenciada por: temperatura, profundidad, precipitaciones y pH.
An abrupt CO 2 -mediated decrease in pH affects growth rates, cellular features and the interspecific interaction of Scenedesmus (Acutodesmus) obliquus and Cryptomonas pyrenoidiferaThe technologies of anthropogenic CO 2 mitigation, such as carbon capture and sequestration, may pose an environmental threat to aquatic systems. In a scenario of CO 2 leakage from a carbon capture and sequestration process, very low-pH values might be reached and could remain over time. The main objective of this study was to detect how an abrupt lowering of pH would affect the microalgae Scenedesmus (Acutodesmus) obliquus and Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera at physiological, morphological and population levels, and also see how these effects could lead to ecological consequences. Monospecific and mixed culture experiments were run according to this purpose over 14 days and at a pH of 6.5, controlled by CO 2 injection. An increased CO 2 concentration significantly enhanced the growth rate of both species and especially affected the cell size of C. pyrenoidifera in the monoculture. The total biovolume of C. pyrenoidifera was higher than the total biovolume of S. obliquus in the control treatment, although neither of the two species were dominant in the culture experiments. Granularity responded in different ways for the species studied, being statistically different within subjects in monospecific and mixed culture experiments. Only chlorophyll and granularity have been significantly correlated in the low pH of C. pyrenoidifera monoculture. Due to its ecological relevance, the decreased colony formation ability of S. obliquus under a high CO 2 concentration is highlighted.
Aim:The Escaba dam is located in the south of the Tucumán province, Argentina, at 650 m above sea level. It has an extension of 541 ha. and a depth of 65 m and its tributaries are the Chavarría, Las Moras, El Chorro and Singuil rivers. The climate is mild with dry winters and rainy summers. The objective of this study was to characterize physicochemical parameters in the limnetic zone of the dam and the mouths of the tributaries to determine the water quality. Methods: Seasonal sampling was carried out between August 2010 and May 2012. Temperature, transparency, pH and electrical conductivity were field measured, whereas dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), major ion constituents and nitrogen and phosphate compounds were analyzed at the laboratory. Results: The water was classified as sodium-calciumbicarbonate with neutral to alkaline pH, and thermal stratification during spring and summer. The water assayed was well oxygenated except for the bottom of the limnetic zone during the summer months. Lowest transparency was measured in the El Chorro Keywords: abiotic factors, water quality, Escaba dam, Tucumán, Argentina.Resumo: Objetivo: A represa Escaba está localizada ao sul da província de Tucumán, a 650 metros de altitude, sua extensão é de 541 ha, tem 65 m de profundidade e seus afluentes são os Rios Chavarria, Las Moras, El Chorro e Singuil. O clima é temperado, com invernos secos e verões chuvosos. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar as propriedades físicas e químicas das águas limnéticas da represa e da foz dos seus afluentes, para interpretar a qualidade de suas águas. Métodos: Realizaram-se amostragens estacionais de agosto de 2010 até maio de 2012. As variáveis medidas in situ foram: temperatura, transparência, pH, condutividade elétrica, e no laboratório foram analisados: oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO 5 ), íons principais, compostos nitrogenados e fosfatados. Resultados: O tipo de água é bicarbonatada-cálcica-sódica, de neutra a alcalina e detectou-se estratificação térmica na primavera e verão. Com exceção da zona limnética: fundo, nos meses mais quentes, as águas estiveram bem oxigenadas. Em novembro de 2011 no rio El Chorro, obteve-se o valor mais baixo de transparência: 0,12
The structural proteins of coronaviruses portray critical information to address issues of classification, assembly constraints, and evolutionary pathways involving host shifts. We compiled 173 complete protein sequences from isolates belonging to the four genera of the subfamily Coronavirinae. We calculate a single matrix of viral distance as a linear combination of protein distances. The minimum spanning tree (MST) connecting the individuals captures the structure of their similarities. The MST re-capitulates the known phylogeny of Coronovirinae. Hosts were mapped onto the MST and we found a non-trivial concordance between host phylogeny and viral proteomic distance. We also study the chimerism in our dataset through computational simulations. We found evidence that structural units coming from loosely related hosts hardly give rise to feasible chimeras in nature. This work offers a fresh way to analyze features of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses.
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