The present article evaluated the mineralogical composition of 85 mortar samples from some emblematic monuments of Ávila city (Spain), which were collected during the restoration of the monuments. The aim of this article is to try to extract the relationship between the composition and the origin of the raw materials, as well as to identify possible alterations in the samples. The study of the samples was carried out using visual and petrographic techniques such as stereoscopic microscope, XRD, and SEM/EDX analysis. The main components of the mortars were calcite, feldspar and quartz, although small amounts of phyllosilicates were also identified. The minerals of the mortars came from the surroundings of the city, and some of the samples presented evident alteration of the original materials due to humidity, salt concentration, and biological weathering, possibly inducted by unfortunate effects of the restoration. Finally, a study of the salts present in some mortars showed that most samples display contamination of soluble salts such as halite, thenardite, hexaedrite, and carnalite. This investigation offers fresh insight into historic building activity and related techniques, and should provide knowledge useful for restoration and conservation processes.
RESUMENLa realización de varios sondeos polínicos en el yacimiento de Los Villares (Fresno Alhándiga, Salamanca) en julio de 2015 deparó el hallazgo de un yacimiento romano de tipología indeterminada no catalogado que presenta, al menos, un pavimento musivo. La escasa profundidad a la que se encontró el mosaico (20-30 cm de la superficie de cultivo) motivó la realización de una intervención arqueológica de urgencia en el enclave para tratar de delimitar la extensión de dicho pavimento y confirmar la posible existencia de otros restos de notable entidad. Los trabajos arqueológicos han puesto de manifiesto el elevado grado de arrasamiento de buena parte del yacimiento aunque, han permitido recuperar parte del complejo termal. En este artículo se describen los trabajos realizados durante la campaña de excavaciones de 2015, aportando datos inéditos sobre el complejo termal en el que se ha localizado un hypocaustum, un pavimento de opus tesselatum y dos de opus signinum. LABURPENALos Villareseko (Fresno Alhándiga, Salamanca) aztarnategian zenbait zundaketa poliniko eginda, 2015eko uztailean, zehaztu gabeko eta katalogatu gabeko tipologiako aztarnategi erromatarra topatu zen, eta gutxienez, mosaiko-zoladura bat du. Mosaikoa sakonera txikian topatu zenez (lantze-gainazaletik 20-30 cm-ra), urgentziazko esku-hartze arkeologikoa egin zen tokian, zoladura horren hedapena mugatzeko eta antzeko garrantzia duten beste hondakin batzuk badauden egiaztatzeko. Lan arkeologikoek agerian utzi dute aztarnategiaren zati handi bat oso suntsituta dagoela, baina konplexu termalaren zati bat berreskuratu ahal izan da. Artikulu honetan, 2015eko indusketen kanpainan egindako lanak deskribatzen dira, eta konplexu termalari buruzko datu argitaragabeak eskaintzen dira. Bertan topatu dira hypocaustum bat, opus tesselatum zoladura bat eta bi opus signinum zoladura. ABSTRACTSeveral pollen analyses at the archaeological site of Los Villares (Fresno Alhándiga, Salamanca) have been realized in July 2015. These studies show the existence of a Roman site with indeterminate typology and uncatalogued, that including a mosaic floor. The mosaic was nearly the surface (20-30 cm of it) which conducting an emergency operation at the site. The main aim of this operation was to define the extent of the pavement and confirm the existence of others interesting remains. Archaeological studies have revealed a high degree of razing on the site complex. On the other hand, excavations have recovered part of the thermal complex. So that, in this article we describe the 2015 excavation campaign, taking into a count all the new data discovered on the thermal complex, as the hypocaustum location, a pavement of opus tesselatum and two opus signinum. The distribution of the rooms of archaeological site of Los Villares indicate that the mosaic room could have had the function of tepidarium and the adjacent rectangular room could have had the function of frigidarium and caldarium. In the geometric pavement of opus tesellatum, figurative elements such as fish, dolphins or cr...
From the archaeological excavations carried out during 2019/2020 in the walled Ávila city (Spain), numerous ceramic fragments of different chronologies have appeared that have allowed us to find settlement sequences in this city that place its beginnings before Romanization. The latest interventions allow us to know that the wall of Ávila has a Roman origin, and it was developed on an indigenous nucleus from the 1st century BC that received the Romanizing influence during the 1st century AD. In addition, it was possible to establish that the materials used for their preparation are consistent with the materials of the geological environment, which suggests a local origin. This paper presents the study of a set of ceramic samples using XRD, ICP/MS, SEM/EDX, and linescan analysis. A statistical analysis of the samples using the minor elements concentrations has suggested that even though the local origin, there were several production centers within painted ceramics that until now were always included as a single set. Finally, due to the importance of the “late-Vetton” or “late Iberic” ceramics (mid-1st century BC—middle of the 1st century AC) from the archaeological aspect, for the first time, these ceramics are studied in detail from chemical and mineralogical tests. It was discovered that these samples had been made in an oven that had not exceeded 800 °C due to the persistence of different phases after cooking.
El Museo Juan Cabré en Calaceite (Teruel) conserva entre sus muros una veintena de cuadros realizados por el arqueólogo del que toma su nombre. En este artículo se plantea una imagen totalmente distinta del famoso arqueólogo aragonés Juan Cabré. Partiendo de los libros de registro de copistas del Museo Nacional del Prado, se muestra la faceta de pintor, casi inédita, de uno de los arqueólogos más importantes del siglo XX en nuestro país. Además, se pone de relevancia la necesidad del acto de copiar a los grandes artistas como método de aprendizaje para los nuevos pintores y cómo los grandes museos permiten la entrada a sus salas de estudiantes de pintura e interesados por el arte desde el mismo momento de su creación.
, su ayuda y financiación económica para el estudio y campañas arqueológicas desarrolladas en el enclave.
El yacimiento del Cortinal de San Juan (Salvatierra de Tormes, Salamanca) presenta una grave problemática de visibilidad al ubicarse bajo las aguas del pantano de Santa Teresa. No obstante, la abundancia de materiales arqueológicos recuperados en las prospecciones arqueológicas, tales como bases de columnas, monedas, cerámicas o pizarras visigodas, atestiguan el poblamiento tardorromano y visigodo en este enclave del sureste salmantino. En este artículo pretendemos el estudio de un contexto cerámico inédito entregado al Museo de Salamanca en 1983. Un análisis detallado de los contextos cerámicos encontrados que nos permitirá avanzar en la sistematización de las producciones cerámicas características de la época de transición entre el mundo tardorromano y la Edad Media.
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