No Brasil, a educação ambiental tornou-se obrigatória em todos os níveis de ensino apenas a partir de 1999, com a lei nº 9.795, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental (PNEA). A área de administração ficou um tanto alheia a esse movimento, talvez pela dificuldade de gestores perceberem que negócios verdes podem ser lucrativos. Só ao compreender que sustentabilidade traz também inovação, é que se verifica que a preservação ambiental e a produtividade empresarial devem andar por caminhos confluentes. Este trabalho visa verificar se tal convergência tem sido sustentada pelo ensino e pela pesquisa em administração, levantando o panorama atual da pós-graduação em administração no que se refere à gestão ambiental. Concluiu-se que, dos grupos de pesquisa registrados no diretório de grupos de pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq - na área de administração, 25% abordam tópicos ligados à Gestão Ambiental, sendo que 93% desses grupos se iniciaram após 2002, ano em que regulamentada a lei nº 9.795/1999, ficando clara a importância de ações concretas do setor governamental para promover a educação ambiental. Pesquisando-se as grades curriculares das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) com programas de mestrado e/ou doutorado reconhecidos/recomendados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), observou-se que 51% desses cursos apresentam tópicos relacionados à gestão ambiental e apenas 6% apresentam alguma das ferramentas a ela associadas. Vinte e cinco porcento desses programas não têm nem grupos de pesquisa nem disciplinas que abordem tópicos de gestão ambiental, salientando a necessidade de novos esforços em nível governamental, talvez na forma de avaliação das IES, para que a administração melhor contribua para a disseminação da sustentabilidade nos setores produtivos. Finalmente, observou-se que, do total de artigos publicados no período 2006-2012 nos seis principais periódicos nacionais da área de administração, 6,2% trataram temas de gestão ambiental. Isso representa evolução em relação aos 2,3% obtidos por Jabbour, Santos e Barbieri (2008) em pesquisa relativa ao período 1996-2005, porém corrobora, com os demais resultados desta pesquisa, que a produção científica nacional de administração em gestão ambiental, embora em expansão, ainda é incipiente.
This research depicts an exploratory initiative focused on treating data to create score and rank indicators of sustainability that can be used to monitor sustainable regional development in metropolitan regions. In order to characterize, classify, and predict the conditions that might lead to the sustainable regional development of cities in a metropolitan area, the study of municipalities in the Baixada Fluminense (region neighboring the city of Rio de Janeiro) was adopted as a reference. The operational assumption for constructing and handling the variables took into account the existence of a legal framework, proposed by the government institute in charge of national research and socioeconomic data surveys, thereby establishing the parameters for the leading indicators required to characterize the conditions needed to achieve different development levels. Based on a series of secondary data, available in binary format for the year 2009 and obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) Municipal Database (BDM), the statistical methods used in this paper indicated a high level of accuracy in the "mashing-up" constructs (Cronbach's Alpha equivalent to 0.824). They also showed the existence of different hierarchical clusters and functions able to classify the typology of municipalities based on selected leading indicators and 87.8% correspondence in the classification of observations. According to the purposes of this study, namely to discover a framework for measuring, discussing, and producing policies for sustainable development, some findings show that it is possible to create simple methods to deal with the complexity of sustainable regional development: the creation of types and hierarchies favors the development of policies focused on the comparison and alignment of local realities.
For decades, conservation initiatives considered the protection of nature and human progress to be mutually exclusive. As a result of this paradigm, communities living within protected areas often were displaced or treated as invaders and criminals in their ancestral territories. Consequently, much cultural heritage, including traditional knowledge, has been lost. In part to prevent cultural loss, in the year 2000, Brazil legally acknowledged within Federal Act 9,985 the rights, knowledge and way of living of traditional people as integral for the conservation of nature. Based on the case of the traditional Caiçara community living at Martin de Sá (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), this study showcases fifteen years of cultural change influenced, among others, by the implementation of protected area policy and growth in tourism. Participatory observation between 2000 and 2015 identified changes to the community’s way of thinking, lifestyle and livelihoods. Strategies are proposed to increase cultural protection.
Povos tradicionais, áreas protegidas, turismo e políticas públicas: o papel emergente da academia An emerging role for academia in bridging the disconnect between traditional people, protected areas, tourism and public policy Puebles tradicionales, áreas protegidas, turismo y políticas públicas: el papel emergente de la academia
Por conta dos megaeventos, da relativa pacificação da cidade e do consequente aumento do fluxo turístico no Rio de Janeiro, foi previsto que o número de visitantes nas áreas protegidas cariocas duplicará entre 2012 e 2014, trazendo novos desafios à gestão das unidades de conservação do Rio de Janeiro. Assim, diferentes estratégias estão sendo colocadas em prática para aumentar a efetividade da conservação, quais sejam a criação do Mosaico Carioca, grupo gestor que cuida da gestão conjunta das quase trinta áreas protegidas da cidade, a implantação de uma trilha de longo curso e a redefinição dos limites das unidades já criadas. Nesse contexto, a Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente e Conservação do Rio solicitou à Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO um estudo sobre o uso público e sobre diferentes estratégias de gestão para três unidades justapostas e praticamente abandonadas pelo poder público, as Áreas de Proteção Ambiental dos Morros São João e Babilônia e Leme e Urubu, e do Parque Estadual do Chacrinha. Esse estudo foi o 1o a especificamente diagnosticar os usos dessa ‘ilha natural’ em meio a urbes carioca e a propor a união dessas três unidades em um Parque, fundamentado nas potencialidades do ecoturismo, incluindo a proteção da natureza, a educação ambiental e a geração de emprego e renda para a população do entorno. Esse Parque, denominado Parque Natural Municipal da Paisagem Carioca, foi criado pelo prefeito do Rio de Janeiro em Junho de 2013, sendo o 1o no Brasil a ser criado com base em estudos sociais / turísticos e não em estudos biológicos / ambientais, rompendo, assim, um velho paradigma. Este artigo apresenta alguns dos resultados do estudo mencionado. Tendo como foco o uso público atual, a saber ecoturismo, educação ambiental e atividades de lazer ao ar livre, este artigo apresenta as três unidades e avalia cinco diferentes estratégias de gestão. Municipal Natural Park of Carioca Landscape (RJ, Brazil): ecotourism and sustainability ABSTRACT Due to the megaevents planned for the next years, to the pacification of the city and to the consequent increase in the tourism flow visiting the city of Rio de Janeiro, it was foreseen that the number of visitors in the cariocas’ protected areas would duplicate between 2012 and 2014, bringing new challenges to the management of the mentioned areas. Thus, different strategies to increase the effectiveness of conservation are being applied. For example, a management group, namely Carioca Mosaic, was established to allow joint management of Rio’s thirty protected areas, a long course track is being implemented and the limits of the areas are being redefined. In this context, the Environment and Conservation Department of the Rio de Janeiro City requested to the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO studies about the public use and management of three protected areas largely abandoned by the public power. These units are: São João and Babilonia Mounts Protected Area, Leme and Urubu Mounts Protected Area and the Chacrinha State Park. This present study is the first one to diagnose the use of this "natural island" and to propose their junction in one Park. This proposal was based on ecotourism potentialities, such as the protection of nature, environmental education and of job and income generation for nearby populations. This article presents the three mentioned protected areas and the evaluation of five different management strategies, pointing out the best one of then, which was the creation of the Municipal Natural Park of the Carioca Landscape, already inaugurated by the major of the Rio de Janeiro City in June 2013. This is the first Brazilian Park created based on tourism social studies and not on environmental and biological research, breaking, thus, an old paradigm. In this paper, the three natural areas are presented and five different managerial strategies are evaluated. KEYWORDS: Protected Areas; Ecotourism; Adaptive Management.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the influence of the algorithm used on scholarly search engines (Garfield’s algorithm) and propose metrics to improve it so that science could be based on a more democratic way. Design/methodology/approach This paper used a snow-ball approach to collect data that allowed identifying the history and the logic behind the Garfield’s algorithm. It follows on excerpting the foundation of existing algorithm and databases of major scholarly search engine. It concluded proposing new metrics so as to surpass restraints and to democratize the scientific discourse. Findings This paper finds that the studied algorithm currently biases the scientific discourse toward a narrow perspective, while it should take into consideration several researchers’ characteristics. It proposes the substitution of the h-index by the number of times the scholar’s most cited work has been cited. Finally, it proposes that works in languages different than English should be included. Research limitations/implications The broad comprehension of any phenomena should be based on multiple perspectives; therefore, the inclusion of diverse metrics will extend the scientific discourse. Practical implications The improvement of the existing algorithm will increase the chances of contact among different cultures, which stimulate rapid progress on the development of knowledge. Originality/value The value of this paper resides in demonstrating that the algorithm used in scholarly search engines biases the development of science. If updated as proposed here, science will be unbiased and bias aware.
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