The aim of this study was to determine how different types of P. vivax affect clinical symptoms and parasitaemia clearance. Blood was collected from individuals from Pará State, Brazil. The patients were treated as chloroquine plus primaquine. P. vivax were typed daily till D7 and again on D30. Now we can confirm a previously reported correlation between P. vivax genotype and response to chloroquine. Clinical symptoms do not allow for objective identification of different P. vivax types in the Brazilian Amazon, since the VK247 and P. vivax-like have only been detected in mixed infections. Key Words: Plasmodium vivax variants, symptoms, chloroquine and primaquine treatment, clearence of parasitaemia. Plasmodium vivax has been the most common cause of human malaria in the Brazilian Amazon region during the last seven years. Its variants (VK210, are found in mixed infections; VK210 has also been found as a single infection [9]. Reduction in susceptibility to chloroquine has been reported from Papua New Guinea, India, Asia and South America [1,13,19], though no relationship between P. vivax genotypes and parasite clearance following treatment with chloroquine has been found. Kain et al. (1993) suggested that response to chloroquine varies depending on the type of P. vivax, since the VK210 genotype and mixed infection with VK247 took longer to clear, while VK247 tended to have a shorter duration in Thailand. A study conducted in Brazil showed no significant difference in the time of parasite clearance after treatment with chloroquine and primaquine, alone or combined [9]. Variants of P. vivax can produce different clinical signs and responses to treatment [5], as there is a correlation between P. vivax genotypes and the intensity of symptoms and vector preference, which can affect drug resistance and consequent failure of control measures [4]. We examined how different types of P. vivax affect clinical symptoms and parasitaemia clearance.Blood was collected from 30 individuals from Belém city (Pará State) who had signed the informed consent form. The blood samples were obtained before therapy was initiated (D0), and continued daily till day 5 (D5). Vacutainer tubes containing EDTA (Becton Dickinson, UK) were used to collected 5 mL of whole blood/ individual that was subsequently applied to glass-fibermembrane discs (Titertek, ICN Biomedicals Limited, UK) following the protocol described by Warhurst et al. [21]. The patients were treated as follows: 25 mg chloroquine/kg body weight during 3 days (10 mg/kg on day 1 and 7.5 mg/kg on days 2 and 3), plus 0.25 mg primaquine /kg for 14 days, starting on the fourth day. Plasmodium vivax types were identified by 176 BJID 2003; 7 (June) GFM/PCR/ELISA [9] for all samples. The patients were evaluated daily by a physician till D7, and again on D30.The typing of P. vivax genotype in D0 detected 16 samples with a single infection, all by VK210 (53%) and 14 samples with mixed infections (47%): four VK210 plus VK247 (13%), two VK210 plus P. vivax-like (7%), five VK247 plus P. v...
We report the evaluation of four techniques for Giardia lamblia diagnosis in children's stool. The Iron haematoxilin staining and direct examination with lugol showed lower positivity, while the method of Faust et al. Continues to be a good option for G. lamblia diagnosis and Immunoenzymatic assay increases the detection of this parasite.
Soroepidemiologia da infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii no Município de Novo Repartimento, Estado do Pará, BrasilSeroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the City of Novo Repartimento, Pará State, Brazil Seroepidemiología de la infección por Toxoplasma gondii en el Municipio de Novo Repartimento, Estado de Pará, Brasil RESUMO Toxoplasmose é uma infecção zoonótica causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, um protozoário de ocorrência mundial que pode infectar aves e mamíferos, incluindo humanos. A soroprevalência da infecção varia de acordo com a região, sendo considerada alta no Brasil. No Estado do Pará, a maioria dos estudos está restrita à área urbana da Cidade de Belém, onde os índices são superiores a 70%. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram estimar a soroprevalência em uma área rural do Estado e identificar os fatores de risco associados à infecção. Estudo descritivo e transversal foi conduzido na população do Município de Novo Repartimento, sudeste do Pará. Foram incluídos no estudo 427 indivíduos randomicamente escolhidos na demanda do laboratório de análises clínicas do Município. As amostras de soro foram analisadas por reação de imunofluorescência indireta para detecção de IgG e IgM anti-T. gondii. De cada indivíduo, foram obtidas informações sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas para avaliar as variáveis em relação à soropositividade. A soroprevalência observada para IgG foi de 81,26% e 0,70% para IgM. As variáveis estatisticamente associadas com a infecção pelo T. gondii foram o contato com gatos fora do domicílio e o consumo de carne de animais silvestres (caça). Os dados obtidos demonstram a alta soroprevalência de toxoplasmose em uma área rural do Estado do Pará, onde características associadas com hábitos alimentares e comportamentais da população local favorecem o desenvolvimento e a transmissão do T. gondii.
The study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the ICT malaria Pf/Pv TM test for vivax malaria diagnosis in Belém, Amazon region, Brazil. The results of blood malaria parasites examination using an immunochromatography test were compared with thick blood film (TBF) examination. It was also evaluated the performance of this test storaged at three different temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 37°C) for 24 hours before use. Overall sensitivity of ICT Pf/Pv TM was 61.8% with a specificity of 100%, positive and negative predictive value of 100% and 71.8%, respectively and accuracy of 80.6%. The test sensitivity was independent of the parasite density. This test needs to be further reviewed in order to have better performance for P. vivax malaria diagnosis. Resumo
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