ObjectiveTo investigate the association between maternal anemia and low/insufficient birth weight.DesignA prospective cohort study of pregnant women who underwent prenatal care at the healthcare units in a municipality of northeast Brazil together with their newborn infants was carried out. The pregnant women were classified as having anemia when the hemoglobin level was below 11 g/dl. Infants who were born full term weighing less than 2500 grams were classified as low birth weight, and those weighing between 2500 and 2999 grams were classified as insufficient weight. The occurrence of maternal anemia and its association with birth weight was verified using crude and adjusted Relative Risk (RR) estimates with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).ResultsThe final sample was comprised of 622 women. Maternal anemia was considered a risk factor for low/insufficient birth weight, after adjusting the effect measurement for maternal age, family income, urinary infection, parity, alcoholic beverage consumption during pregnancy and gestational body mass index: RRadjusted = 1.38 [95% CI: 1.07 to 1.77].ConclusionsMaternal anemia was associated with low/insufficient birth weight, representing a risk factor for the gestational outcomes studied.

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OBJETIVO: analisar a evolução do aleitamento materno no Brasil de 1974-1975 a 1999. MÉTODO: foram comparados três inquéritos populacionais realizados em 1974-1975, 1989, 1999. Os três estudos variaram quanto aos objetivos, plano amostral e coleta de dados, mas foi constante a definição de aleitamento materno. Os resultados das duas primeiras pesquisas foram retirados de trabalho que analisou a evolução do aleitamento materno no período correspondente. Os do terceiro foram gerados por nova análise do banco de dados do estudo original. A fim de permitir a comparação direta dos resultados desta análise com os demais, utilizou-se o modelo probito. A evolução do aleitamento materno nos três pontos no tempo aqui considerados foi verificada pelo método gráfico e por números-índice. RESULTADOS: o aumento da freqüência da amamentação, no período de 25 anos decorridos entre a primeira e a terceira pesquisa, correspondeu a 40% no grupo de crianças com um mês de vida, a 150%, no quarto mês, a 200%, no sexto mês, e a 240% aos 12 meses. CONCLUSÃO: persistiu nos anos de 1990 a tendência de aumento da prática da amamentação verificada no país no período de 1974-1975 a 1989.

33.1% (31.4-34.7). The prevalence of partial breast-feeding among 0-15 day-old children was 4.5% (3.1-6.4) and 28.4% (25.8-31.0) for the mentioned age groups. For maternal breast-feeding, the overall prevalence varied from 96. 8% (95.8-97.7) to 70.9% (67.7-73.9). In conclusion, although the overall prevalence of breast-feeding in Brasilia is relatively high, the period that children are exclusively breast-fed is short. Key words

Clinical and experimental evidence show that systemic hypotension may occur during the course of prolonged seizure (1-3). Nonetheless, the physiologic and metabolic consequences of hypotension on the outcome of neonatal seizure is unclear (4). Because metabolic demands on the brain increase greatly during seizure, it is hypothesized that even a modest reduction in CBF produces relative ischemia and further tissue damage.Autoregulation of CBF ordinarily maintains cerebral perfusion during systemic hypotension (5, 6), but may be impaired during seizure (4, 7). However, use of the term, autoregulation, may be inappropriate since the response of the cerebral circulation to seizure is not a simple maintenance of blood flow, but rather a sustained increase of 150-200% (8,9). The goal of this study was to determine whether the expected compensatory increase in CBF which occurs during seizure is affected by moderate hypotension and whether there is subsequent compromise of brain energy state.

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