Chemokines (CKs) and chemokine receptors (CKR) promote leukocyte recruitment into cardiac tissue infected by the Trypanosoma cruzi. This study investigated the long-term treatment with subantimicrobial doses of doxycycline (Dox) in association, or not, with benznidazole (Bz) on the expression of CK and CKR in cardiac tissue. Thirty mongrel dogs were infected, or not, with the Berenice-78 strain of T. cruzi and grouped according their treatments: (i) two months after infection, Dox (50 mg/kg) 2x/day for 12 months; (ii) nine months after infection, Bz (3,5 mg/kg) 2x/day for 60 days; (iii) Dox + Bz; and (iv) vehicle. After 14 months of infection, hearts were excised and processed for qPCR analysis of Th1 (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL11), Th2 (CCL1, CCL17, CCL24, and CCL26), Th17 (CCL20) CKs, Th1 (CCR5, CCR6, and CXCR3), and Th2/Th17 (CCR3, CCR4, and CCR8) CKR, as well as IL-17. T. cruzi infection increases CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL17, CXCL10, and CCR5 expression in the heart. Dox, Bz, or Dox + Bz treatments cause a reversal of CK and CKR and reduce the expression of CCL20, IL-17, CCR6, and CXCR3. Our data reveal an immune modulatory effect of Dox with Bz, during the chronic phase of infection suggesting a promising therapy for cardiac protection.
Background:Trypanosoma cruzi has a high rate of biological and genetic variability, and its population structure is divided into seven distinct genetic groups (TcI-TcVI and Tcbat). Due to immigration, Chagas disease (ChD), caused by T. cruzi, has become a serious global health problem including in Europe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of genetic variability within discrete typing unit (DTU) TcV of T. cruzi in Bolivian patients with chronic ChD residing in Barcelona, Spain.Methods: The DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 27 patients infected with T. cruzi DTU TcV and the fragments of the genetic material were amplificated through the low stringency single primer-polymerase chain reaction (LSSP-PCR). The data generated after amplification were submitted to bioinformatics analysis.Results: Of the 27 patients evaluated in the study, 8/27 (29.6%) were male and 19/27 (70.4%) female, 17/27 (62.9%) were previously classified with the indeterminate clinical form of Chagas disease and 10/27 (37.1%) with Chagas cardiomyopathy. The LSSP-PCR detected 432 band fragments from 80 to 1,500 bp. The unweighted pair-group method analysis and principal coordinated analysis data demonstrated the existence of three distinct genetic groups with moderate-high rates of intraspecific genetic variability/diversity that had shared parasite's alleles in patients with the indeterminate and cardiomyopathy forms of ChD.Conclusions: This study demonstrated the existence of a moderate to high rate of intra-DTU TcV variability in T. cruzi. Certain alleles of the parasite were associated with the absence of clinical manifestations in patients harboring the indeterminate form of ChD. These results support the need to search for increasingly specific targets in the genome of T. cruzi to be correlated with its main biological properties and clinical features in patients with chronic ChD.
O consumo de alimentos transgênicos aumentou nas últimas duas décadas, a partir de alterações genéticas produzidas em laboratórios, através de técnicas artificiais de engenharia genética em plantas, animais e microorganismos. Baseado nisto, este trabalho utilizou a metodologia de revisão bibliográfica para se entender melhor a respeito deste consumo. De acordo com os artigos pesquisados os organismos transgênicos não trazem mal para a saúde humana, a fim de ter uma menor quantidade de agrotóxicos em seus alimentos, ajudando no processo de conservação e produção de suas plantações. Concluindo-se que os alimentos transgênicos estão trazendo mais benefícios do que malefícios para a população.
O intestino tem papel fundamental na relação com cérebro devido a uma comunicação bidirecional entre ambos que conecta o sistema nervoso central ao chamado sistema nervoso entérico, esses sistemas se mantêm conectados pelo nervo vago. O intestino possui bactérias, vírus, fungos e protozoários responsáveis pela saúde da microbiota intestinal e também produzem e liberam neurotransmissores, sua saúde mental e física está diretamente relacionada com o tipo de alimento utilizado para alimentar esses seres vivos da microbiota intestinal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi discutir a possível relação entre a microbiota intestinal e doenças neurodegenerativas. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura sobre o eixo intestino-cérebro e sua influência em doenças neurodegenerativas. Foram usadas as bases de dados como Google acadêmico, PUBMED, SciELO, SCIELO, Oxford academic, ingentaconnect, Europe PMC, Nature journal, Brazilian Journal. Foram revisados livros, periódicos ou revistas científicas e sites de pesquisa científica na internet e critérios utilizados como título do artigo. Com base nos 40 estudos analisados dos últimos onze anos, verificou-se que a microbiota intestinal tem influência na relação intestino cérebro, a associação que existe entre as doenças neurodegenerativas e o desequilíbrio da microbiota intestinal; e como auxílio no manejo dessas doenças as estratégias nutricionais.
Background Chagas disease (ChD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The genetic structure of the species is divided into seven distinct genetic groups, TcI to TcVI, and Tcbat, which have shown differences in terms of geographic distribution, biological properties, and susceptibility to drugs. However, the association between genetic variability and clinical forms of ChD has not yet been fully elucidated. The predominance of TcII and TcVI discrete typing units (DTUs) (genetic groups) is known to occur in several Brazilian regions and is associated with both the domestic and the wild cycles of ChD. Thus, this study aimed to verify the genotypes of the parasites present in 330 patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) from different Brazilian states attended at the Clinical Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School and to assess the existence of a correlation between the clinical forms with the main cardiovascular risk factors and the genetics of the parasite. Methodology Principal findings All patients with CCC were clinically evaluated through anamnesis, physical examination, biochemical tests, 12-lead electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and chest X-ray. Peripheral blood (5 mL) was collected in guanidine/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid from each patient for DNA extraction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chagas disease and genotyping of the parasite in the 7 DTUs. Parasite genotyping was performed using conventional multilocus PCR. Samples of only 175 patients were positive after amplification of the specific genes contained in the T. cruzi genotyping criteria. TcII (64/175), TcVI (9/175), and TcI (3/175) DTUs were predominant, followed by TcII/TcV/TcVI (74/175), and TcII/TcVI (23/175). The TcIII and TcIV DTU´s was detected in only one sample of CCC patients. Conclusions/Significance Our data corroborate previous findings, indicating the predominance of the TcII genotype in patients with CCC of Brazilian origin. Moreover, this study pioneered disclosing a direct correlation between the TcII DTU and severe CCC.
A gastronomia como ferramenta de qualidade e aceitabilidade, refeições de pacientes hospitalizados 11CAPÍTULO 01 RESUMOA redução na taxa de desnutrição hospitalar é um grande desafio para os profissionais de saúde por se tratar de uma doença com etiologia multifatorial. Estão envolvidos: a patologia de base, tratamentos utilizados e mudanças ocorridas na rotina de paciente. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo de avaliar a aplicação de técnicas gastronômicas na aceitação de dietas hospitalares. Durante 10 dias consecutivos, em serviço de uma Unidade de Nutrição e Dietética (UND), foi realizada as modificações em 5 principais preparações do hospital, em seguida foi avaliado o nível de aceitação da alimentação através do índice resto-ingestão das refeições do almoço. Após a coleta de dados observou-se que tais modificações influenciou positivamente na aceitação das refeições, já que a média do resto ingesta reduziu de 42,77% para 28,98%.
O futebol é o esporte mais popular do mundo, prática que exige muito dos atletas fisicamente devido seu alto nível de intensidade, quantidade de jogos durante a temporada, quantidade de treinos e pouco tempo para descanso, sendo necessário uma estratégia específica para alinhar a nutrição e o condicionamento físico. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a importância da nutrição no desempenho do atleta profissional de futebol. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão literária descritiva com artigos publicados de 2012 a 2023, pesquisa de artigos foi feita nas bases de dados da PUBMED (público/editora), Google Acadêmico (Google Scholar) e Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Assim, observou-se que o consumo dos nutrientes como carboidratos (CHO), proteínas (PTN) e lipídeos (LIP) alinhados com hidratação e, se necessário, suplementação, são fundamentais para resultados positivos dos jogadores e consequentemente para o clube em geral. O que demonstrou a importância e necessidade da presença do profissional da nutrição para alcançar bons resultados do clube e alta performance dos jogadores. Conclui-se que a partir dos dados apresentados, verificou-se que os clubes de futebol precisam introduzir nos projetos para a temporada da equipe um profissional de Nutrição, atuando no desempenho dos jogadores e na prevenção de lesões.
Background: Chronic Chagas disease (CChD), one of the infectious parasitic diseases with the greatest social and economic impact upon a large part of the American continent, has distinct clinical manifestations in humans (cardiac, digestive, or mixed clinical forms). The mechanisms underlying the development of the most common and ominous clinical form, the chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) have not been completely elucidated, despite the fact that a high intensity of parasite persistence in the myocardium is deemed responsible for an untoward evolution of the disease. The present study aimed to assess the parasite load CCC and its relation to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), a definite prognostic marker in patients with CCC.Methods: Patients with CCC were clinically evaluated using 12-lead-electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, chest X-ray. Peripheral blood sampling (5 ml of venous blood in guanidine/EDTA) was collected from each patient for subsequent DNA extraction and the quantification of the parasite load using real-time PCR.Results: One-hundred and eighty-one patients with CCC were evaluated. A total of 140 (77.3%) had preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (of ≥40%), and 41 individuals had LV dysfunction (LVEF of <40%). A wide variation in parasite load was observed with a, mean of 1.3460 ± 2.0593 (0.01 to 12.3830) par. Eq./mL. The mean ± SD of the parasite load was 0.6768 ± 0.9874 par. Eq./mL and 3.6312 ± 2.9414 par. Eq./mL in the patients with LVEF ≥ 40% and <40%, respectively.Conclusion: The blood parasite load is highly variable and seems to be directly related to the reduction of LVEF, an important prognostic factor in CCC patients.
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