ResumenLa Escala de Machismo Sexual (Sexismo) (EMS-Sexismo-12) fue elaborada por las autoras del presente con la fi nalidad de evaluar, en hombres y mujeres, el nivel de machismo/sexismo que presentan, lo cual consideramos que puede derivar en conductas de riesgo en salud sexual. Actualmente no existe una escala en relación al Machismo Sexual. La escala se analizó con datos de 79 participantes, 43 hombres y 36 mujeres, con edades que van desde los 11 hasta 76 años. Originalmente se elaboraron 24 ítems, los análisis factoriales exploratorio y confi rmatorio guiaron la reducción de la escala. Se logra obtener una escala breve y precisa (12 items, alfa de 0.91) y un solo factor que explica el 98.1% de varianza en el AFC, el cual presenta adecuados estadísticos de bondad de ajuste. Finalmente, al realizar la comparación entre hombres y mujeres se encontró una diferencia signifi cativa siendo los hombres quienes presentan puntajes más altos.Palabras claves: Machismo, sexismo, infecciones de transmisión sexual, VIH/SIDA. AbstractThe Sexual Machism Scale (EMS-Sexismo-12) evaluates in both men and women, sexism levels that could result in sexual health risk behaviors. Nowadays there is no Sexual Machism Scale. The analyses were made with 79 participants, 43 men and 36 women, with ages that go from 11 to 76 years. Originally 24 items were elaborated, however exploratory and confi rmatory factor analysis guided the reduction of the scale. It is achieved to obtain a brief and precise scale (12 items, 0.91 alpha) with only one factor that explains 98.1% of its variance and adequate goodness of fi t indices in confi rmatory factor analysis. We also analyzed differences between men and women founding higher scores in men than in women.Key words: Machism, sexism, sexually transmitted disease, HIV/AIDS. IntroducciónEl machismo se puede defi nir como un conjunto de creencias, actitudes y conductas que manifi estan la superioridad del hombre sobre la mujer en áreas consideradas importantes para los hombres (Castañeda, 2002(Castañeda, , 2007. Sin embargo la visión del machismo en la actualidad no es tan radical como en años anteriores. El hombre machista de ahora no golpea indiscriminadamente a la mujer
Se diseña un estudio prospectivo en el cual se recogieron datos de pacientes del sexo femenino que se remitieron a la consulta externa del Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular (ACV) del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid para valoración del síndrome varicoso de extremidades inferiores, las cuales constituyeron el grupo caso (n= 503). El grupo control, estuvo constituido por pacientes mujeres que acudieron a la Consulta de ACV por un motivo diferente al de patología venosa. 1. Resumen Tesis doctoral María Azpeitia Rodríguez 20 1.2 ABSTRACT 1. Resumen Tesis doctoral María Azpeitia Rodríguez 21 1. Resumen Tesis doctoral María Azpeitia Rodríguez 22 There were also statistically significant differences in relation to the type of work situation associated with bipedestation (19.2% vs 26.5%, p = 0.027) or to sit (11.6% vs 13.9%, p = 0.41), nor in the prevalence of obesity (8.7% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.67). However, the situation was different with respect to the family history, where 32% of the patients reported the presence of this pathology in some family member compared to 18.6% in the control group (p <0.001). Regarding the gynecological factors analyzed, the patients with varicose pathology had a higher prevalence of menopause (43.5% vs 16.5%, p <0.001), however in the age of presentation we did not find differences (49.2 ± 3.1 vs 49.26 ± 3 years, p = 0.84). No differences in the age of menarche were observed either. If we have found differences both in the number of patients who report some pregnancy at some point in their lives (82% vs 59%, p <0.001) and in the number of pregnancies per patient (2.01 ± 1.03 vs 1.63 ± 0.89, p < 0.001). Finally, we emphasize that in our results we obtain a statistically significant difference (p <0.001) regarding the use of hormonal therapy. Finding 49.1% in the varicose group versus 25.3% in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Women with varicose pathology of the lower extremities treated in our country are characterized by the presence of a higher rate of varicose veins in the menopausal stage and having presented a higher number of pregnancies and children during their lifetime. The main predictors of development of varicose syndrome are the presence of menopause, number of term pregnancies and hormone replacement therapy.
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