ResumoObjetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar, utilizando modelagem estatística, os fatores de risco da anemia em crianças de 6 a 59 meses de idade no estado de Pernambuco, contemplando aspectos socioeconômicos e da dieta.Métodos: A amostra constou de 746 crianças de 6 a 59 meses do estado de Pernambuco, nas quais foram realizados dosagem de hemoglobina e inquérito dietético recordatório de 24 horas. Foi analisado o risco de anemia em relação às variáveis socioeconômicas e de consumo alimentar, utilizando modelos de análise multivariada. AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to use statistical modeling to identify risk factors for anemia in children aged 6 to 59 months in the state of Pernambuco, covering socioeconomic and dietary aspects. Methods:The sample comprised 746 children aged between 6 and 59 months from the state of Pernambuco. Their hemoglobin was assayed and a 24-hour dietary recall performed. Risk of anemia was analyzed with relation to socioeconomic variables and to dietary intakes, using multivariate analysis models. Results:The risk factors for anemia were: a high proportion of calories from cow's milk, low density of nonheme iron, low age and low maternal educational level; age was the most prominent factor, with children under 24 months exhibiting 3.61 times greater risk of being anemic than the older children. Conclusions:This study confirms the need for a clear picture of the dietary intake of children in Brazil, in order that associations with anemia can be better understood. Our results revealed that the dietary factors which were most responsible for risk of anemia were a greater proportion of calories from cow's milk and lower density of nonheme iron, in addition to age below 24 months and low maternal educational level.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(1):39-46: Iron deficiency anemia, epidemiology, risk factors, food intake, child nutrition. IntroduçãoA anemia ferropriva resulta da interação de múltiplos fatores etiológicos que levam a um desequilíbrio entre as necessidades do organismo e a quantidade absorvida de ferro.Os fatores de risco da anemia mais citados na literatura são baixa renda familiar e escolaridade materna, falta de acesso aos serviços de saúde, precariedade nas condições de saneamento e a dieta inadequada em ferro [1][2][3][4]

Suggested citation: Oliveira MA, Osório MM. Cow's milk consumption and iron deficiency anemia in children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81: 361-7. AbstractObjective: To thoroughly investigate the association between the consumption of cows milk and anemia in childhood. Sources of data:The information was gathered from papers catalogued in Lilacs and MEDLINE and published during the last two decades, and also from textbooks and publications by international organizations. Summary of the findings:Iron deficiency anemia is a severe public health problem in developing countries. Breast milk contains adequate iron for full term babies in the first 6 months. Thereafter, an additional iron-rich diet becomes essential. In recognition of the importance of the diet in triggering anemia, this paper discusses the relationship in children between a high intake of cows milk and iron deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal and allergic problems may be caused by early introduction of cows milk or by its substitution for breast milk. Furthermore, cows milk has decreased iron density and bioavailability, excess protein and minerals, notably calcium, and thus interferes in the absorption of iron from other foods, and is also linked to small intestinal hemorrhage in young children. Conclusions:The use of cows milk in lieu of other foods rich in bioavailable iron was shown to be a risk factor for anemia. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life, discretionary weaning only after the 24th month, and a complementary diet rich in iron are highly important to avoid anemia and its consequences.

The use of cow's milk in lieu of other foods rich in bioavailable iron was shown to be a risk factor for anemia. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life, discretionary weaning only after the 24th month, and a complementary diet rich in iron are highly important to avoid anemia and its consequences.

Objective: The objective of this study was to use statistical modeling to identify risk factors for anemia in children aged 6 to 59 months in the state of Pernambuco, covering socioeconomic and dietary aspects. Methods:The sample comprised 746 children aged between 6 and 59 months from the state of Pernambuco.Their hemoglobin was assayed and a 24-hour dietary recall performed. Risk of anemia was analyzed with relation to socioeconomic variables and to dietary intakes, using multivariate analysis models. Results:The risk factors for anemia were: a high proportion of calories from cow's milk, low density of nonheme iron, low age and low maternal educational level; age was the most prominent factor, with children under 24 months exhibiting 3.61 times greater risk of being anemic than the older children.Conclusions: This study confirms the need for a clear picture of the dietary intake of children in Brazil, in order that associations with anemia can be better understood. Our results revealed that the dietary factors which were most responsible for risk of anemia were a greater proportion of calories from cow's milk and lower density of nonheme iron, in addition to age below 24 months and low maternal educational level.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(1):39-46: Iron deficiency anemia, epidemiology, risk factors, food intake, child nutrition.

O artigo analisa as ênfases e tendências dos textos publicados pela revista Ensaio: avaliação e políticas públicas em educação, tomando como referência a política de avaliação para a educação superior. Reconstitui o cenário brasileiro da avaliação nos governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) (1995-1998 / 1999-2002) e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2006 / 2007-2010). Relaciona as temáticas dos artigos em cada período histórico e aponta as concepções de avaliação presentes nas análises. Finaliza com reflexões acerca da importância do periódico, enquanto espaço de socialização dos estudos sobre avaliação da educação, especialmente da educação superior, destacando que a ênfase/tendência dos textos publicados contém a ideia da avaliação como desempenho e avaliação associada à qualidade da educação.