Swietenia macrophylla yields high-quality wood; however, its vulnerability to extinction coupled with challenges for its cultivation have brought attention to its replacement for alternative species such as the Khaya anthotheca. The species has been recently introduced to South America, with potential for the production of high-quality wood. However, limited background on breeding and efficient strategies for its vegetative propagation exist. Here, we achieved significant results with the application of cleft grafting and air layering for the propagation of K. anthotheca plants grown from seeds. First, we analyzed the compatibility of scions and rootstocks for intraspecific and interspecific cleft grafting combinations of K. anthotheca and S. macrophylla. Second, air layering was performed in K. anthotheca seedlings irrigated with three nutrient solution (100%, 50% and 25% of the initial concentration of nutrients) combined with the application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to evaluate adventitious rooting. From cleft grafting, we achieved an overall graft compatibility and survival of 48% after 200 days. However, the interspecific combination of S. macrophylla (scion) and K. anthotheca (rootstock) implicated in no compatibility, while the reciprocal resulted in 52% of compatibility. Through air layering, the irrigation with the nutrient solution with at least 50% of the nutrients concentration and with IBA (3.0 or 8.0 g.L-1) resulted in the best adventitious rooting. Overall, we recommend cleft grafting, except for the combination S. macrophylla (scion) and K. anthotheca (rootstock), with no compatibility. Air layering might also be useful for the propagation of K. anthotheca genotypes in breeding programs.
The general objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of different IBA concentrations on greenhouse, shade and full sun survival, root vigor and seedling quality in Tectona grandis. To do so, mini-cuttings were prepared containing two pairs of leaves reduced to 25% of their original size (7.0 ± 1.0 cm) in length and bevel cut at the base. They were submitted to five treatments with different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (0, 500, 1000, 1500 e 2000 mg L-1), remaining in greenhouse, house of shade and in full sun for 30, 20 and 15 days, respectively. Survival was evaluated in greenhouse, house of shade and full sun; radicial vigor, height, diameter of the neck, ratio between shoot height and diameter, root dry mass, aerial, and total mass. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five replications of 15 plants and five treatments. Data were submitted to the normality test, Bartlett test and polynomial regression of the second degree. As a result, it was verified that the use of IBA did not influence root vigor and survival, however, it provided seedlings with a higher dry mass, being the best the 2000 mg L-1 treatment.
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