COVID-19’s pandemic has hastened the expansion of online learning across all levels of education. Countries have pushed to expand their use of distant education and make it mandatory in view of the danger of being unable to resume face-to-face education. The most frequently reported disadvantages are technological challenges and the resulting inability to open the system. Prior to the pandemic, interest in distance learning was burgeoning, as it was a unique style of instruction. The mini-review aims to ascertain students’ attitudes about distant learning during COVID-19. To accomplish the objective, articles were retrieved from the ERIC database. We utilize the search phrases “Distance learning” AND “University” AND “COVID.” We compiled a list of 139 articles. We chose papers with “full text” and “peer reviewed only” sections. Following the exclusion, 58 articles persisted. Then, using content analysis, publications relating to students’ perspectives on distance learning were identified. There were 27 articles in the final list. Students’ perspectives on distant education are classified into four categories: perception and attitudes, advantages of distance learning, disadvantages of distance learning, and challenges for distance learning. In all studies, due of pandemic constraints, online data gathering methods were selected. Surveys and questionnaires were utilized as data collection tools. When students are asked to compare face-to-face and online learning techniques, they assert that online learning has the potential to compensate for any limitations caused by pandemic conditions. Students’ perspectives and degrees of satisfaction range widely, from good to negative. Distance learning is advantageous since it allows for learning at any time and from any location. Distance education benefits both accomplishment and learning. Staying at home is safer and less stressful for students during pandemics. Distance education contributes to a variety of physical and psychological health concerns, including fear, anxiety, stress, and attention problems. Many schools lack enough infrastructure as a result of the pandemic’s rapid transition to online schooling. Future researchers can study what kind of online education methods could be used to eliminate student concerns.
This article focuses on the development of science and technology as manifested in the four industrial revolutions in the modern era, highlighting their ethical implications and challenges against the background of the Christian, monotheistic (metanarrative) framework. It explores the relationship between Christian theology of creation, scientific development, and Western secularization, offering critical assessments about what the global world has come to call »Industrial Revolution 4.0« (IR 4.0, as of the 2010s) and the new ethical dilemmas that IR 4.0 presents to us. While the starting point of our reflection is Western intellectual tradition, authors hope to bring a global perspective on the issue with concrete impulses for further theological/ethical reflection and education.
Аннотация.Цель. Определить понятия семейных споров, выявить круг споров, по которым возможно, а во многих случаях необходимо, альтернативное урегулирование, в т. ч. с применением семейной медиации. Процедура и методы. В ходе исследования использовались методы: системного анализа, анализа и синтеза, нормативный, структурно-функциональный, сравнительно-правовой. Результаты. В результате проведённого исследования сформулировано авторское определение понятия семейных споров, разработана их классификация. Авторы приходят к выводу, что семейными являются любые споры, в которых затрагиваются интересы семьи, независимо от отрасли права, регулирующей отношения, по которым возник конфликт. Теоретическая/практическая значимость. В целях объективного и справедливого разрешения семейных споров предлагается закрепить в семейном законодательстве принцип добросовестности и положение о недопустимости злоупотребления семейными правами.
The main purpose of the study is to determine the place of family mediation in the system of alternative ways of regulating family disputes; to evaluate the law on mediation in the general system of legislation designed to assist citizens in resolving family conflicts; to develop proposals for further improvement of legislation on mediation. The relevance of the study, its conditionality by a large number of family disputes, difficulties of access to justice, especially when considering cases in the order of administrative proceedings, is substantiated. The special interest of specialists in the field of family law in the theoretical and practical problems of mediation is emphasized. The definition of a family dispute is given as a kind of social conflict of a property or personal non-property nature arising between members of one family or between a family member and another person, if during such a conflict the rights and interests of the family or its individual members are affected. We are talking about disputes arising from legal relations that develop in the sphere of family life, the performance of its social functions. They have different subject composition, respectively, and disputes may arise between spouses, parents and children, other relatives and relatives who are in natural-biological and social ties recognized by law as legal. The definition of the concept of alternative settlement is given, understood by the authors as any settlement of disagreements and resolution of a conflict without a final resolution of the dispute on the merits by the competent authorities with the issuance of a law enforcement act subject to mandatory, including compulsory, execution. During the analysis of existing methods of alternative regulation of family disputes, in particular, used in the activities of notaries, lawyers, bailiffs, guardianship and guardianship authorities and even courts, the authors come to the conclusion that the mediation approach of public authorities cannot completely replace the mediation procedure, since these bodies have to solve the issue on the merits and when the absence of an agreement between the parties. At the same time, as a rule, one of the disputing parties wins, the other loses. This does not happen when using the mediation procedure, since during negotiations with the participation of an intermediary (mediator), the decision is made by the parties themselves or the dispute remains unresolved. In any case, the result of mediation is fixed in the mediation agreement. The author analyzes the range of circumstances that, according to the authors, can be the subject of a mediation discussion and form the basis for resolving the issue on the merits. Attention is paid to the analysis of the principles of mediation in relation to the problems of family mediation. The authors come to the conclusion that it is desirable to conduct family mediation on the principle of free, especially in disputes about children. At the end of the article is a list of the sources used. When writing the work, 18 sources were used, including scientific literature for the last 5 years. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
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