Purpose -The authors want to study the connection between institutional theory and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the set of hotels with three, four and five star situated in Galicia (Spain) and in the Northern region of Portugal. The authors aim to see whether there is a contrast of isomorphic behaviour in the institutional context of both regions. Design/methodology/approach -A quantitative study in which the authors apply the partial least square (PLS) technique, a methodology based on structural equations models using the software Visual-PLS. The authors intend to study the relationships between the pressures of institutional context and CSR practices, together with the relationship between legitimacy and these practices. The focus of the proposed model is based on the system theory. Findings -The main findings of this research clearly show that hotels are incorporated into an institutional context marked by enforced and regulatory pressures.Research limitations/implications -The proposed research model can be replicated using other units of study, sectors, geographic areas, among others, due to the explanatory capacity of the theoretical framework used. Originality/value -The originality of this work derives from the main contributions based on the theoretical framework (institutional theory and CSR), the object of study and geographical area (three, four and five star hotels located in Galicia and in the North of Portugal), the context (economic crisis), the field of study (private sphere) and the type of organizations (profit making).

El propósito de esta investigación es estudiar el fenómeno de los condicionantes de la relación de la innovación y el desarrollo del espíritu emprendedor. Uno de los pilares básicos del desarrollo del espíritu emprendedor es la educación, fuente innovadora inagotable de mejora e innovación. La economía del siglo XXI está orientada al aprendizaje. La promoción del emprendedorismo envuelve un cambio cultural basado en la premisa de que las personas pueden mejorar su calidad de vida y de otros, tomando para sí mismos la tarea de dirigir y definir su propio destino y construyendo los suyos propios. No se trata simplemente de producir más con menos costes, lo que se pretende, principalmente, es fomentar el proceso innovador de la manera más inteligente posible. En este contexto, las universidades adquieren una importancia vital. Ante esto, el espacio ibero-americano debe ser el escenario de colaboraciones para acciones conjuntas de la capacidad de generación de conocimiento ya existente, constituye la dimensión crucial de cualquier esfuerzo de desarrollo en países como Brasil.Hoy en día la participación de la microempresa es clave para el desarrollo de cualquier economía. Así como la actitud emprendedora se contempla como la puerta de entrada para la creación de empresas.

No abstract

Palabras clave. Desempeño empresarial. Empowerment Fluidez en el intercambio de la información. Impacto del capital humano. Micro empresas.

Most of the strategies developed to "save" rural territories in Europe have not been successful. One of their main problems has been the adoption of the top-down paradigm when approaching the development of those territories. Portugal is a good example of the difficulty in adopting a bottom-up paradigm. The main objective of this paper is to present the perceptions of the local (including the residents) and regional stakeholders acting at Boticas, regarding the set of resources available and the development of the tourism industry. Boticas is a northern Portuguese, rural lowdensity municipality. In capturing those perceptions, the research contributes to the establishment of a more integrated and innovative development strategy and thus, a more capable strategy for profiting from the potential associated with the growth of the tourism industry that has been experienced recently in Portugal. The adoption of a mixed-method was suggested for evaluating these resources and capturing the perceptions of the tourist potential by different stakeholders. Empirical data was collected through a survey of 373 of its residents and 25 interviews conducted with local and regional actors, further supported by an inventory of the cultural resources and their capacity for visits. We conclude here that, residents tend to have a very positive perception of tourism development, and indeed, their perceptions largely met those of other stakeholders.

As an economic, social, and cultural activity, tourism shapes the relationship between visitors and local communities in tourist destinations. While tourism generates economic growth and employment opportunities for residents, its benefits come with a social cost. This article highlights the results of an online survey that was carried out at the beginning of 2021 in the seven major Galician cities along the Route of Santiago de Compostela (the Way of St. James) in Spain, which is a historical, natural, and cultural tourist attraction that is inscribed in the UNESCO’s World Heritage List in the category of cultural assets. The goal of the research work was to get to know first-hand the opinion of local communities about the positive and negative effects of tourism in their cities, on the Route of Santiago, and in the region of Galicia as a whole. Research work shows that residents’ perception of tourism leans toward the positive side, although it also reveals the need for tourism planners to involve host communities in tourism development. This research study about a World Heritage site should prove useful for political decision makers, tourism planners, and experts, both in Galicia and elsewhere.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of exceeding the expectations of guests to generate greater satisfaction, in order to offer an unforgettable experience and generate more comments on the Web 2.0 in the context of tourism. Structural equation models were used. The data for the analysis were obtained from a sample of residents of the Maldonado-Punta del Este conurbation (Uruguay), who were asked about their last overnight stay. The proposed structural equation model was tested using the partial least square (PLS) technique. The results show that exceeding the expectations of guests is essential for the clients’ experience and very important for the satisfaction with the stay at the hotel. The generation of online comments (electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM)) is also strongly influenced by emotional experiences. Exceeding the expectations of trained clients and surprising them with new services and experiences is the essence of luxury offers. The main practical implication is that exceeding expectations is the key to eWOM, and this means that managers must be involved in a perpetual process of service innovation.

on the evolution of the research, identifying the researchers or groups working on this subject, the disciplines from which it is studied and the means, through which the results are disseminated. In addition, a bibliographic analysis of the content of the identified studies is carried out, to know the results achieved as well as the methodology used in the investigations. The bibliographic material to be analyzed is obtained using a methodology of tracking in the international databases Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. The results, collected in a database, are made up of a small number of investigations, focused mostly on the study of relevant cases of success due to the effects of diversification of the economy, or the development of capacities that have enabled to create a different tourist potential and with identity to attract tourists in these areas.