The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) could make Small Medium Enterprises (SME) capable of capturing future potential markets. This study investigates how the use of ICT affects firms’ agility and finally ends in their competitive advantage. In other words, this study examines how firms’ ICT capabilities directly enhance their competitive advantage. Their ICT capability also affects the firms’ competitive agitlity indirectly by mediating their business agility. This study infers that if small business firms would like to enhance their supply chains and customer relationship management, they should adopt ICT as a tool to transform their businesses. This transformation improves small firms’ competitiveness levels because it allows them to manage all their customers. Meanwhile, the small business firms could enhance their agility due to their suppliers’ closeness. This means that the small business firms have posited the concepts and philosophy suggested by the resources dependent theory.
The aim of this paper is to establish how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) capability has no effect on competitive advantage through the entrepreneurial orientation and organizational agility of Indonesian SMEs in the apparel retail sector. The study is based on resources that cannot be directly converted into the competitive advantage of companies but must instead be subjected to an entrepreneurial process and offer new insights into the use of ICT as a valuable corporate resource. The paper is based on a quantitative approach using a population comprising apparel retailers from traditional markets in Jakarta, Indonesia. The sample was obtained using random sampling. The survey was conducted among 462 small businesses across five traditional apparel markets managed by PD. Pasar Jaya. The data were processed using Structural Equation ModelingPartial Least Squares. The results show that ICT capability has no significant effect on competitive advantage, although it does have a significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation and organizational agility. Organizational agility and entrepreneurial orientation have a significant effect on competitive advantage, thus indicating that ICT capability in small businesses cannot be directly converted into a competitive advantage. The finding of the research is that ICT capability is able to create competitive advantage in small businesses but only when present in conjunction with entrepreneurial orientation and organizational agility.
The research objective was to analyze the determninant factors of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) in the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) of the traditional food centers in Bandung. It used the EO dimension at the organizational level. Five dimensions were used to measure the EO level, namely risk-taking, innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, proactiveness, and autonomy. The questionare’s was distributed to eight MSEs in Bandung. The sample size is 100 employee Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis techniques with Partial Least Square (PLS) was used to test the samples. This research shows that the EO level in the micro and small enterprises in the traditional food centers in Bandung is at a moderate level. Although EO of MSEs in the traditional food centers in Bandung is in the moderate category, the results of testing on the EO model find out that each EO dimension forms a significant EO construct. The four dominant and recommended dimensions forming an EO construct in MSEs are risk-taking, innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, and proactiveness. Among the four dimensions, risk-taking is the dominant dimension. It indicates that courage in taking risks in MSEs is a natural characteristic of the EO in the traditional food centers in Bandung.
AbstrakSaat ini belum ada kesepakatan diantara para ahli pendidikan kewirausahaan (PK) tentang pendekatan terbaik dalam pembelajaran (BK) dan pengajaran (AK) kewirausahaan. Berdasarkan Systematic Mapping Study (SMS), ada empat fokus tema dalam PK yaitu kebijakan untuk pendidikan kewirausahaan, konteks pendidikan kewirausahaan, pengajaran kewirausahaan, dan pembelajaran kewirausahaan. Berdasarkan SMS diketahui juga bahwa permasalahannya bukan tentang metode apa yang terbaik dalam PK tetapi pengajar kewirausahaan dituntut untuk mampu mengenali fungsi dan keunggulan setiap metode pengajaran kewirausahaan. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa perkembangan kewirausahaan yang semakin kontekstual membutuhkan dukungan kebijakan PK yang terintegrasi baik pada ranah makro, mezzo, dan mikro. Dukungan demikian sangat penting agar pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan pengajaran kewirausahaan yang inovatif, efektif, dan efisien dapat diselenggarakan.
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