This research analyzes the connection between highly skilled migration and several determining factors such as migration networks, the prestige of academic institutions and the Gross Domestic Product per capita. The linear regression method has been used to analyze a sample of 207 countries, 25 receiving countries and 182 sending countries from 6 different regions (Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Central and South America and Oceania). A global analysis including all the countries of the sample and a partial analysis by each world region of origin has been performed. The results at global level showed that migration networks and the prestige of academic institution explain the number of highly skilled immigrants very well. In this sense, prestigious academic institutions of receiving countries imply economic incentives and benefits for skilled migrants. Further, relationships and linkages become an important help for highly skilled migrants. Thus, both would act like external and internal networks attracting highly skilled migrants. Regarding the partial analysis, these factors were also relevant for explaining highly skilled migration, but the results varied depending on each region. In case of Africa and Central & South America, the relevant factor explaining the highly-skilled migration was the prestige of academic institutions of the receiving countries. However, in the regions of Europe, North America, and Oceania results were similar to the global analysis. In Asia all factors were significant.
In order to reduce poverty and achieve Goal 1 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, countries’ foreign trade flows must be a driving force for productive activity, as proposed by the WTO-led (World Trade Organization) Aid for Trade initiative. This work analyzes the evolution of international trade in goods and services between Africa’s Least Developed Countries and customers and suppliers from other countries between 2005 and 2015, based on the information provided by UNCTAD and the World Bank. The results confirm a greater degree of trade openness and especially an increase in service imports. Overall, the data show that the purchases made in the international market have a greater marginal effect on GDP than sales, leading to the conclusion that changes in trade policy are needed, at both international and national level. Actions should be aimed at ensuring that the growing integration of these economies in the world trade system does not result in continued deficits in the trade balance but, on the contrary, does contribute to GDP growth and poverty reduction.
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