HighlightsEndometriosis-associated abdominal wall cancer is a rare entity with poor prognosis.Personal history of C-section is extremely relevant.The treatment consists in a wide local excision with adjuvant chemotherapy.Proper treatment of abdominal endometriosis could prevent these situations.
EGFRvIII
Breast cancerOccult systemic disease
A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study is to evaluate epidermal growth factor receptor variant III, EGFRvIII, a cancer specific mutant, as a possible marker for the diagnosis of breast cancer occult systemic disease. EGFRvIII mRNA was identified by an RT-nested PCR with a high sensitivity. In 102 women studied, the mutant was detected in the peripheral blood of 30% of 33 low risk, early stage patients, in 56% of 18 patients selected for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in 63.6% of 11 patients with disseminated disease and 0% of 40 control women. In low risk, early stage patients, the presence of one or more tumour characteristics predicting recurrence such as the absence of oestrogen receptors and the presence of ERBB2 or histologic grades G2/G3 was significantly associated with EFGRvIII detection (p < 0.05). EGFRvIII mRNA has characteristics to be a useful marker for the diagnosis of occult systemic disease in breast cancer. Follow-up studies will evaluate its clinical value as a decision criterion for systemic therapy.
lothioneine was significantly increased in the PG animals (p Ͻ 0.05) and immunostaining to bromodeoxiuridin and Ki-67 was also stronger in the remaining tumors in the PG animals. These data thus add to the accumulating evidence that those micronutrients in combination seem to be effective in reducing the incidence of malignant tumors. Nevertheless, remaining tumors seem to present more aggressive behavior and characteristics of drug resistance.Key Words: antioxidants, breast cancer, chemoprevention, micronutrients I n recent years the incidence of breast cancer has increased almost everywhere. Alternatives to therapy need to be developed for breast cancer control. Toward this end, chemoprevention constitutes a valuable approach. It is mandatory to expand our efforts in identifying synthetic or naturally occuring agents that can inhibit the preneoplastic events preceding the occurence of clinically detectable cancers (1,2). Several agents have been characterized as effective in cancer chemoprevention, but studies are not yet conclusive (3). Chemoprevention properties of vitamins and other micronutrients as single agents or complex mixtures (4-22), fatty acids and related substances (23-27), monoterpens (28), hormones, and related chemical agents (1-3,29) have been Abstract: This experimental study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of associated naturally occuring antioxidants in the prevention of chemically induced breast cancer using DMBA in virgin female Wistar rats. Rats were randomly allocated to three groups: control group (CG; n ϭ 20), induction group (IG; n ϭ 100), and prevention group (PG; n ϭ 70). A single dose (65 mg/kg) of DMBA was administered in the IG and PG animals at 50 days of age. PG animals also received a single dose of alpha-tocopherol (200 mg/rat) 1 hour after DMBA administration and an association of selenium (p-XSC, 40 ppm/ day/rat) and ascorbic acid (540 mg/day/rat) in drinking water, daily, from carcinogenic induction until necropsy. Macroscopic study and pathology revealed a significantly lower development of neoplasms in the PG animals (p Ͻ 0.05); the number of rats with mammary tumors, breast cancer incidence, and the number of malignant breast tumors per rat as well as per tumor-bearing rat were significantly decreased in the PG animals. Other types of primary neoplasms existing in the IG animals totally disappeared in the PG animals. Immunostaining to hormone steroid receptors (ER and PR) and cathepsin D was similar in both groups. Overexpression of p53 and metal-
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