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Internationalization theories suggest that enterprises from emerging and frontier markets will adopt different entry modes than those in advanced economies. There are very few studies to date, however, examining the process of how multinational enterprises (MNEs) from frontier markets internationalize or evaluating which factors influence their mode of entry into global markets. This research investigates the internationalization strategies of Lusophone Africa MNEs from Angola and Mozambique, more specifically their entry mode, to expand the framework for entry mode strategies to include the motivations and issues of MNEs from emerging and frontier economies. Surveys, as well as in-depth, in-country, qualitative interviews reveal that these frontier and emerging market MNEs opted for equity-based investment strategies as their preferred mode of entry. A significant group second group opted for e-commerce/e-business strategies, and direct and indirect exports. Finally, a smaller portion of the interviewees chose Greenfield investment as a mode of entry. Many of these MNEs could be classified as born global/INV.

Lusophone African (LA) multinational enterprises (LAMNEs) are becoming a significant pan-African and global economic force regarding their international presence and influence. However, given the extreme poverty and lack of development in their home markets, many LA enterprises seeking to internationalize lack resources and legitimacy in international markets. Compared to higher income emerging markets, Lusophone enterprises in Africa face more significant challenges in their internationalization efforts. Concomitantly, conducting significant international business research in these markets to understand these MNEs internationalization strategies better can be a very daunting task. The fast-growing rise of social media on the Internet, however, provides an opportunity for international business (IB) researchers to examine new phenomena in these markets in innovative ways. Unfortunately, for various reasons, qualitative researchers in IB have not fully embraced this opportunity. This article studies the use of social media in qualitative research in the field of IB. It offers an illustrative case based on qualitative research on internationalization modes of Lusophone African MNEs conducted by the authors in Angola and Mozambique (2017) using social media to identify and qualify the population sample, as well as interact with subjects and collect data. It discusses some of the challenges of using social media in those regions of Africa and suggests how scholars can design their studies to capitalize on social media and corresponding data as a tool for qualitative research. This paper underscores the potential opportunities and challenges inherent in the use of social media in IB-oriented qualitative research, providing recommendations on how qualitative IB researchers can design their studies to capitalize on data generated by social media.

OpenBU http://open.bu.edu Metropolitan College BU Open Access Articles 2019-07-03Lusophone-African SME internationalization: a case for born global and international jo...

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This study sought to determine the potential impact of team building activities on anti-social behaviors in an urban fifth grade classroom. Team building activities are a pleasurable way to engage students in meaningful learning that has benefits on social, emotional, and academic development. The research was conducted in an urban elementary school in Western New York. The entire class participated in the .� team building activities. However, five students were selected for observational data collection. Various research tools were utilized to collect and analyze data such as: observation checklists, surveys, interviews, student response sheets, and a researcher's journal. Data illustrated that team building activities contributed to a decrease in anti-social behaviors in the classroom.

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