The crude organic extract of Dendropanax arboreus was selected as a candidate for bioassayguided fractionation on the basis of its relatively selective cytotoxicity to a subset of cell lines within the National Cancer Institute's disease-oriented in vitro tumor-screening panel. The major compound responsible for the in vitro cytotoxicity was falcarinol (1). Several other known compounds were isolated and found to be cytotoxic, including dehydrofalcarinol (2), a diyenne (3), falcarindiol (4), and dehydrofalcarindiol (5). In addition, two novel polyacetylenes, dendroarboreols A (6) and B (7), were isolated and characterized by standard and inverse-detected NMR methods. Compounds were selected from this series for absolute stereochemical determination using the modified Mosher method and preliminary in vivo evaluation using a LOX melanoma mouse xenograft model.

No abstract

Background Many evidence-based preventive services are unaffordable. Pay-it-forward offers an individual a gift (e.g. a test for sexually transmitted diseases) and then asks whether they would like to give a gift (e.g. a future test) to another person. This study examined the effectiveness of a pay-it-forward program to increase gonorrhea and chlamydia testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled superiority trial at three HIV testing sites run by MSM community-based organizations between November 2018 to January 2019. We included MSM aged 16 and older seeking HIV testing who met indications for gonorrhea and chlamydia testing. Restricted randomization was employed using computer-generated permuted blocks. Thirty groups were 1:1:1 randomized into three arms: a pay-it-forward arm where men were offered free gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and then asked whether they would like to donate others' tests; a pay-what-you-want arm where men were offered free testing and given the option to pay any desired amount for the test; and a standard-of-care arm where testing was offered at 150RMB (US$22). There was no masking to arm assignment. The primary outcome was gonorrhea and chlamydia test uptake ascertained by administrative records. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate intervention effect with one-sided 95% confidence intervals and a pre-specified superiority margin, 20%. The trial was registered (NCT03741725). Findings Three hundred and one men were recruited and included in the analysis: 101 were randomized to pay-it-forward, 100 to pay-what-you-want, and 100 to standard-of-care. Test Interpretation Pay-it-forward strategy can increase gonorrhea and chlamydia testing among Chinese MSM and may be a useful tool for scaling up preventive services that carry a mandatory fee.

Antitumor bioassay-guided fractionation of the organic extract of the marine sponge Cribrochalina vasculum resulted in the isolation of several closely related cytotoxic acetylenic alcohols [1-8], the structures of which were assigned on the basis of chemical and spectral studies. 3-Hydroxyeicos-(4E)-en-1-yne[1], 3-hydroxydocosa-(4E,15Z)-dien-1-yne[2], 3-hydroxy-16-methyleicos-(4E)-en-1-yne[3], 3-hydroxy-19-methyleicos-(4E)-en-1-yne[4], 3-hydroxy-21-methyldocosa-(4E,15Z)-dien-1-yne [5], and 3-hydroxy-14-methyldocosa-(4E)-en-1-yne [6] are enantiomers of known compounds, while 3-hydroxyheneeicos-(4E)-en-1-yne [7] and 5-hydroxy-16-methyleicos-(3Z)-en-1-yne [8] are new metabolites isolated as minor components. The absolute configuration of C-3 in 1-7 and C-5 in 8 has been assigned as S using the modified Mosher's method. Compounds selected from this series showed selective in vitro antitumor activity against the H-522 non-small cell lung line and the IGROV-1 ovarian line. Synthetic racemic 1 demonstrated a modest dose-related therapeutic activity in a preliminary in vivo xenograft assay based on the latter cell line.

No abstract

No abstract

The calculation of the per-mile fuel cost for FUTURE TECHNOLOGY HEVs in the first release of this report (Section 9) mistakenly used an older estimate of fuel economy for this vehicle technology. This error also affected the subsequent calculation of the cost of avoided carbon emissions in Section 10 for FUTURE TECHNOLOGY HEVs. The on-road fuel economy for FUTURE TECHNOLOGY HEV used in the first release of this report was 48.2 mi/gge, whereas the fuel economy from Autonomie simulations for this vehicle technology (see Section 6) was 53.5 mi/gge. Using the 53.5 mi/gge fuel economy for FUTURE TECHNOLOGY HEV in the calculation of per-mile fuel cost of FUTURE TECHNOLOGY HEVs resulted in updates to the following figures and tables of the report: Figures ES-3 and ES-5 in the Executive Summary; Figures 23, 25, and 27 in Section 9; Figures 34 and 36, and Tables 55 and 56 in Section 10; and Figures F.2 and F.4 (as well as the repeated Figures 23 and 34) in Appendix F. It is noted that the GHG emissions calculations in the first release of the report correctly used the 53.5 mi/gge for FUTURE TECHNOLOGY HEV. Thus no changes are made to the GHG emissions charts in the report.

No abstract