Genotype × environment (G×E) interaction is an important source of variation in soybean yield, which can significantly influence selection in breeding programs. This study aimed to select superior soybean genotypes for performance and yield stability, from data from multi-environment trials (METs), through GGE biplot analysis that combines the main effects of the genotype (G) plus the genotype-by-environment (G×E) interaction. As well as, through path analysis, determine the direct and indirect influences of yield components on soybean grain yield, as a genotype selection strategy. Eight soybean genotypes from the breeding program of Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) were evaluated in field trials using a randomized block experimental design, in an 8 x 8 factorial scheme with four replications in eight different environments of the Cerrado of Northeastern Brazil during two crop seasons. Phenotypic performance data were measured for the number of days to flowering (NDF), height of first pod insertion (HPI), final plant height (FPH), number of days to maturity (NDM), mass of 100 grains (M100) and grain yield (GY). The results revealed that the variance due to genotype, environment, and G×E interaction was highly significant (P < 0.001) for all traits. The ST820RR, BRS 333RR, BRS SambaíbaRR, M9144RR and M9056RR genotypes exhibited the greatest GY stability in the environments studied. However, only the BRS 333RR genotype, followed by the M9144RR, was able to combine good productive performance with high yield stability. The study also revealed that the HPI and the NDM are traits that should be prioritized in the selection of soybean genotypes due to the direct and indirect effects on the GY.
Cassava is a tuber of significant cultural and economic importance for family farming. However, cultivation in the northeastern region of Brazil is characterized by low productivity, resulting from cultivation in naturally marginal soil, which can cause food insecurity to farmers in the region. The objective was to evaluate the initial development of cassava using substrates derived from decomposed residue from babassu biomass, as a supplement to the soils with low natural fertility. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the municipality of Chapadinha, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The treatments consisted of six inclusion levels of babassu biomass (BB) in the substrates: S0, 100% soil; S20, 20% BB + 80% soil; S40, 40% BB + 60% soil; S60, 60% BB + 40% soil; S80, 80% BB + 20% soil; and S100, 100% BB. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The soil used in the experiment is classified as dystrophic Yellow Oxisol. At the end of the experiment, the following were evaluated: percentage of cuttings survival, leaf area, shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, root volume, aerial part dry mass and root dry mass. With the exception of the sprout diameter, the inclusion of BB in the substrates provided a significant positive effect for all analyzed variables, which demonstrates the early response capacity of cassava seedlings to the use of organic waste associated with the soil low fertility. The use of babassu biomass as an organic fertilizer improves soil fertility, stimulating the growth and development of cassava seedlings in a sustainable production system
The use of pre-sprouted seedlings in the implantation of sugarcane crops not only reduces the establishment period and production costs, but also has other advantages, such as a lesser requirement of propagules (stems) and greater phytosanitary control of the seedlings, when compared to conventional planting. Commercial substrates are also expensive and their use increases the cost of seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings grown on substrates with different proportions of decomposed babassu palm stem (DBPS), as well as to recommend the substrate formulation that provides the most favorable environment for the growth and development of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings. For preparation of the substrate (S), DBPS and soil were used in the following proportions: S1: 0 % of DBPS + 100 % of soil; S2: 20 % of DBPS + 80 % of soil; S3: 40 % of DBPS + 60 % of soil; S4: 60 % of DBPS + 40 % of soil; S5: 80 % of DBPS + 20 % of soil; S6: 100 % of DBPS + 0 % of soil. The use of S2 and S3 considerably improved the seedling quality parameters, such as sprout diameter and length, number of leaves and total, shoot and root dry mass. However, from an economic point of view, S2 is recommended for use.
The low concentration of boron in the soil is one of the main challenges for the cultivation of watermelon in regions of the Cerrado biome, due to the appearance of rot apical which may occur due to the lack of boron in the soil or due to boron toxicity by the use of fertilizers without recommendation. There is a narrow range between the appropriate and toxic level pf boron. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of boron doses on watermelon production in the soils with and without liming. The experiment was carried out in a dystrophic yellow latosol soil, in a randomized block design in subdivide plots: plots (i) liming or without liming and subplots: (ii) boron (0, 2, 4 and 5 kg.ha-1), with 8 treatments and 5 replicates. The data were analyzed by regression analysis. The maximum point of the equation was estimated by equating the first derivative of the equation to zero. The diameter, length, weight, number of commercial fruits, bark thickness, percentage of fruits with apical rot, commercial fruits, female flowers, total soluble solids, productivity and profitability were evaluated. The use of boron provided positive effects on the analyzed variables. However, in concentrations higher than 4 kg ha-1 its behavior was fitted with a quadratic model (R²: 0.77 to 0.99). The range was equivalent to 2 to 4 kg ha-1 of boron with a specific level of 2.4 kg.ha-1 , whereas the base saturation rose to 70%, promoted greater productivity for watermelon cultivated in dystrophic yellow latosol under conditions of the closed biome.
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