Investigating the mobility capabilities and functionings of childrenA quantitative assessment of preschools and nurseries in São Paulo (Brazil).

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Resumo O objetivo desse artigo é refletir sobre os dilemas normativos que rondam o futuro das transferências de renda no Brasil, pós-pandemia. Iniciamos pela análise dos impactos da pandemia sobre resultados socioeconômicos e dos efeitos do auxílio emergencial sobre a distribuição de renda. Abordamos a discussão atual sobre os limites do Bolsa Família e o conceito de renda básica universal. Introduzimos três princípios de justiça para nortear nossa análise normativa: o igualitarismo, o prioritarismo e o suficientismo. Mostramos como esses conceitos permitem fazer questões sobres os objetivos de políticas e sobre dilemas morais implicados nos desenhos e métodos de implementação. Mostramos ainda que os próprios princípios de justiça são modificados quando levamos em conta aspectos práticos e não ideais da realidade sobre quais políticas são elaboradas.

This thesis aims to develop a normative argument about distributive justice and health. Two questions underpin the study: what do we owe each other, as citizens of a democratic society, in the promotion and protection of the health of our fellow citizens? What justice obligations and duties does a democratic State have vis-à-vis the health of its citizens? Firstly, to answer these questions, we seek to present an objective and publicly accessible understanding of health needs. These needs are related to the normal functioning of species and impact the range of opportunities available throughout our lives. Drawing on Rawls's theory of justice as fairness, and on the extension to this theory, proposed by Daniels, we argue that the set of institutions, services, goods and resources necessary for the maintenance, reestablishment, and provision of functional equivalents to normal functioning, should be distributed in a way that respects the principle of fair equality of opportunity. Secondly, we develop an argument about the contemporary debate dedicated to the definition and defense of the fundamental principle that should mark the fair allocation of the most varied distribuenda. We argue that although justice requires a notion of equality (such as that the democratic equality we defend) rather than a threshold of sufficiency or a principle of priority, these normative criteria can aid in the formulation and evaluation of public policies and institutional recommendations. We question the attacks directed at egalitarian theories, arguing that these theories can not be reduced, nor do they necessarily require, the application of simple egalitarian distributive principles. Finally, we are dedicated to developing an argument about justice and health centred on the issues of social determinants of health and the social gradient in health. We shall argue, drawing on the empirical literature on the issue, that public health policies should be based on an ideal of democratic equality and should take the elimination of existing health inequities between social groups as a central guideline, as well as combatting present structural injustices in contemporary societies.