RESUMO -Os pulverizadores costais são amplamente utilizados no setor florestal. No entanto, existem equipamentos que podem ocasionar certo grau de estresse ao operador, acarretando-lhe danos à sua saúde. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar, ergonomicamente, quatro pulverizadores costais (termonebulizador, pneumático motorizado, costal manual e costal elétrico) quanto aos parâmetros nível de ruído, nível de vibração de corpo inteiro, gasto energético e esforço físico. Na avaliação de ruído, utilizou-se um dosímetro 01dB, comparando os resultados com o que estabelece a Norma NR-15. Para os níveis de vibração, utilizou-se um acelerômetro triaxial, ligado a um processador de sinal do tipo Maestro, sendo os dados comparados com as Diretrizes Europeias. Já para gasto calórico e esforço físico, usaram-se um analisador de gases metabólicos fabricado pela Medgraphics® modelo VO2000 e um monitor cardíaco da marca Polar. Observou-se que o equipamento costal manual e o elétrico não apresentaram problemas quanto ao nível de ruído. Já o pulverizador pneumático e o termonebulizador exibiram valores acima do recomendado pela Norma NR-15, com níveis de 99,97 e 94,33 dB(A), respectivamente. Da mesma forma, os equipamentos motorizados tiveram níveis de vibração elevados em comparação com os demais equipamentos, com vibração global (A8) de 2,09 m s -2 para o termonebulizador e 2,15 m s -2 para o pneumático. Quanto ao gasto energético, houve pequenas variações quanto ao tipo de equipamento utilizado, com gasto variando entre 3,0 e 3,96 kcal min -1 . Palavras-chave: Dispêndio energético; Vibração; NR-15. ERGONOMIC EVALUATION OF KNAPSACK SPRAYERS USED IN FORESTRYABSTRACT -Knapsack sprayers have been widely used in forestry. However, some equipment may cause different levels of stress for the operators, causing harm to their health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate ergonomically four knapsack sprayers (thermal sprayer, pneumatic motorized, hand sprayer and electric sprayer), regarding to noise parameters, body vibration level, energy expenditure and physical effort. For noise evaluation, a dosimeter 01dB was used, and the results were compared with the regulatory norm NR-15. For vibration levels, we used a triaxial accelerometer connected to a signal processor Maestro type, and data were compared to the European directives. For caloric expenditure and physical effort, we used a gas metabolic analyzer manufactured by Medgraphics® model VO2000 and a heart monitor from Polar brand. We observed that the hand and electric knapsack sprayers did not present problems related to the noise level. However, the pneumatic motorized knapsack and the thermal sprayer, showed levels above than recommended by regulatory norm NR-15 with levels of 99.97 and 94.33 dB(A), respectively. Similarly, the motorized equipment presented high levels of vibration compared to the other equipments, with global vibration (A8) of 2.09 m s -2 for the thermal sprayer and 2.15 m s -2 for the pneumatic. Regarding to energy expenditure, there were small vari...
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a demanda energética de um protótipo de um subsolador com torpedo para inserção de material poroso em drenos. Os testes de avaliação do desempenho do protótipo foram efetuados em uma área experimental da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, localizadas no município de Viçosa-MG. O material poroso utilizado foi a casca de arroz. Foi mensurada a potência requerida e consumo de combustível. O delineamento experimental utilizados foi o fatorial, que consistiu em 2 velocidades e 4 profundidades com 3 repetições. O solo apresentou um perfil argiloso, caracterizado como Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo. O maior requerimento de força pelo implemento foi de 13711,1 N e a maior potência de 17,85 kW. Esses valores foram observados para a velocidade de 4,9 km h-1, na profundidade de 0,60 m. A força média requerida pelo protótipo foi menor do que a encontrada na literatura. A média da potência requerida pelo implemento foi 9,98 kW, e pelo conjunto trator-implemento de 12,26 kW. A relação força de tração/profundidade de trabalho apresentou-se dentro do limite estabelecido pela ASAE para solos argilosos.
Coffee production and marketing is one of the main global commercial activities, but crop yields depend on several factors, among which plant health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of spray droplet deposition in coffee crops grown in a mountain region, associated to the efficacy of the control of fungal diseases. The application efficiency, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and the efficacy of the products applied were tested. Water-sensitive paper tags were used to analyze the application efficiency; agronomic efficiency, vegetative vigor, yield, and physiological parameters were used to determine the fungicide efficacy. Droplet coverage in the upper canopy layer using a pneumatic sprayer (28.70%) was 4.11-fold higher than that found in the same layer for application using a UAV (6.98%) at the rate of 15 L ha−1. The highest droplet depositions by using a UAV were found for the rate of 15 L ha−1: 1.60, 1.04, and 0.43 µL cm−2 in the upper, middle, and lower layers, respectively; the deposition in the upper layer with application using a pneumatic sprayer was 42.67 µL cm−2, and therefore, a 26.7-fold higher deposition. The results denote that the control of fungal diseases through fungicide applications using a UAV is efficient for mountain coffee crops.
Weather conditions and sprayer operating parameters influence spray quality. Unmanned aerial vehicles are considered a modern, useful, and very efficient technological tool in the application of pesticides, as they carry out punctual spraying, and reduce environmental and public health problems. The objective of this study was to characterize the spraying quality carried out with an unmanned aerial vehicle as a function of flight height and target position in a coffee plantation in a mountainous region. Three flight heights (2.5, 3.0, and 4.0 m) were used, and the targets were placed at the top and bottom of the plant. For each plant, six water sensitive papers were placed on top of the plant and six were placed at the bottom. CIR 1.5 software was applied to determine the coverage percentage, drop density, volume median diameter, volumetric diameter corresponding to 10 and 90%, numerical median diameter, and relative amplitude. The results showed that the flight height only influenced the parameters of the volumetric diameter corresponding to 10% of the volume, numerical median diameter, and coverage percentage. The target position on the canopy influenced all the evaluated spraying parameters. In mountainous coffee plantations, the spraying system using unmanned aerial vehicle spraying is more efficient for the lower part of the plant.
The high production costs in agriculture have guiding the adoption of farming systems and new management techniques as well as the sizing of agricultural machinery. In this regard, planning entails knowledge on the efficiency according to the energy requirements parameters, so the farmer shall consider the characteristics of the soil on which the implement operates. The performance assessment of sowing-fertilize machines shows the effect of some variables on the draft requirement, so the experimental conditions, which might lead to different outcomes of implement operation, must be regarded. Therefore, it is necessary obtain metanalytical estimates to integrate the results available in the literature. Grounded on systematic review, this study aimed to model the draft imposed by sowing-fertilizing machines considering fixed effects, mainly soil characteristics, and random effects associated to the selected experiments. It was found that the best models according to information criteria may not always meet the assumptions as normality of the distribution of residuals and homoscedasticity. The variables such as bulk density of soil, stubble conditions, depth of fertilizer placement, and speed could accurately explain the draft requirement with mean squared deviation of 2.93 whereas the referred evaluator for the ASABE standard was 63.51. Forthcoming works may analyze the repeatability of the models considering different seeders under diverse configurations and operation conditions
Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar os níveis de ruído e vibração de um conjunto mecanizado trator-pulverizador, em função da velocidade de trabalho. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Mecanização Agrícola, do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Viçosa – MG. Para determinação dos níveis de ruído e vibração transmitida ao corpo inteiro do operador foram utilizados um dosímetro modelo Wed007, fabricado pela 01dB do Brasil e um acelerômetro triaxial modelo Maestro respectivamente. As velocidades de trabalho utilizadas foram de 4,0; 5,0; e 7,0 km h-1. Os resultados obtidos para os níveis de ruído foram 98,2 dB (A) para a velocidade de 4,0 km h-1, 98,1 dB(A) para 5,0 km h-1 e 97,4 dB(A) para 7,0 km h-1. Na análise da vibração os resultados encontrados foram 0,58 (4,0 km h-1); 0,60 (5,0 km h-1); e 0,60 (7,0 km h-1) m s-2. De acordo com os resultados, concluiu-se que todos os níveis de ruído encontrados foram superiores ao estabelecido pela norma NR-15 de 85 dB(A) para uma jornada de trabalho de 8 horas por dia, sendo que o aumento da velocidade culminou na redução dos níveis de ruído. A vibração do trator-pulverizador obteve valores acima dos definidos pelos limiares da Diretiva europeia de 0,5 m s-2 em todas as velocidades avaliadas, também sendo influenciada pela velocidade de deslocamento do conjunto mecanizado.
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