Freshwater ostracod assemblages from San Demetrio Synthem (L’Aquila Basin, central Apennines, Italy), dating back to\ud
the late PiacenzianGelasian, are studied. Six genera and eight species are recognised, six of which are new: Caspiocypris amiterni Spadi & Gliozzi sp. nov., C. bosii Spadi & Gliozzi sp. nov., C. nicandroi Spadi & Gliozzi sp. nov., C. vestinae Spadi & Gliozzi sp. nov., Cypria bikeratia Spadi & Gliozzi sp. nov., and Ilyocypris ilae Spadi & Gliozzi sp. nov.\ud
Additionally, one fragmentary valve referred to Paralimnocythere cf. P. dictyonalis Medici, Ceci & Gliozzi, 2011, one\ud
valve ascribed to Amnicythere ex gr. stanchevae Krstic, 1975, one fragment tentatively identified as Limnocythere? sp. and\ud
four poorly preserved valves of Cypridoidea indet. were also recovered. The genus Caspiocypris is revised, and an\ud
emended diagnosis is provided. Comparisons are made with the most similar co-generic species occurring in the Neogeneof Italy and the Paratethyan domain. The ostracod fauna of the San Demetrio Synthem shows the greatest affinity at the generic level with the Pontian (MessinianZanclean) ostracods of the Pannonic, Dacic and Euxinic Basins. To explain thisaffinity, two hypotheses are discussed: (1) passive dispersal of Paratethyan forms into the Italian PlioPleistocene palaeolakes; and (2) endemic evolution of several species in different PlioPleistocene palaeolakes from the Paratethyan likelate Messinian Lago-Mare ostracod fauna of the Palaeomediterranean area
The Tiberino Basin is a wide Plio–Pleistocene intermountain basin located in central Apennine (central Italy). Its\ud
sedimentary infill is made of a thick succession of Pliocene–early Quaternary continental deposits, the oldest of which can be referred to the Fosso Bianco Formation, composed of grey clays deposited in a huge (at least 500 km2) and relatively deep (not less than 50 m) lake, the Palaeolake Tiberino. We analyse the lacustrine ostracod assemblages from the Fosso Bianco Formation and provide descriptions of five new species included in the subfamily Candoninae (Caspiocypris basilicii sp. nov., Caspiocypris perusia sp. nov., Caspiocypris posteroacuta sp. nov., Caspiocypris tiberina sp. nov. and Caspiocypris tuderis sp. nov.)) and one new species included in the subfamily Limnocytherinae (Paralimnocythere umbra sp. nov.)). The five species of Caspiocypris seem to represent a species flock, i.e. Caspiocypris includes a group of closely related species characterized by monophyly, endemism and speciosity, confirming the ‘ancient lake’ nature of the Palaeolake Tiberino during the Piacenzian–Gelasian. The ostracod assemblage points to a relatively deep-water and low energy lacustrine environment marked by a high level of endemism
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