A Plio–Pleistocene Caspiocypris species flock (Candoninae, Ostracoda) from the Palaeolake Tiberino (Umbria, central Italy)

Abstract

The Tiberino Basin is a wide Plio–Pleistocene intermountain basin located in central Apennine (central Italy). Its\ud sedimentary infill is made of a thick succession of Pliocene–early Quaternary continental deposits, the oldest of which can be referred to the Fosso Bianco Formation, composed of grey clays deposited in a huge (at least 500 km2) and relatively deep (not less than 50 m) lake, the Palaeolake Tiberino. We analyse the lacustrine ostracod assemblages from the Fosso Bianco Formation and provide descriptions of five new species included in the subfamily Candoninae (Caspiocypris basilicii sp. nov., Caspiocypris perusia sp. nov., Caspiocypris posteroacuta sp. nov., Caspiocypris tiberina sp. nov. and Caspiocypris tuderis sp. nov.)) and one new species included in the subfamily Limnocytherinae (Paralimnocythere umbra sp. nov.)). The five species of Caspiocypris seem to represent a species flock, i.e. Caspiocypris includes a group of closely related species characterized by monophyly, endemism and speciosity, confirming the ‘ancient lake’ nature of the Palaeolake Tiberino during the Piacenzian–Gelasian. The ostracod assemblage points to a relatively deep-water and low energy lacustrine environment marked by a high level of endemism

New insights into the onset and evolution of the central Apennine extensional intermontane basins based on the tectonically active L’Aquila Basin (central Italy)

“…These could possibly be correlated with the ostracod fauna of the Fosso Bianco Formation of the Tiberino Basin (Upper PiacenzianGelasian; Basilici, 1995Basilici, , 1997Napoleone et al, 2003). Medici and Gliozzi (2008) and Spadi et al (2017) described the Tiberino Basin as a fossil ancient-lake that gave rise to a Caspiocypris species flock. The San Demetrio synthem and the Fosso Bianco Formation are the only post-Messinian deposits in Italy that are known to bear this genus.…”

Piacenzian–Gelasian non‐marine ostracods from the Dunarobba Fossil Forest (Tiberino Basin, Umbria, central Italy)

“…turgida is very different from Paralimnocythere umbra Spadi & Gliozzi in Spadi et al . , which was found in the Gelasian deposits of Cava Toppetti and Fosso Bianco in association with the Caspiocypris species flock (Spadi et al . ).…”

“…Geographical location (A) and geological sketch map (B) of the Tiberino Basin (partially redrawn from Spadi et al . ). Abbreviations : DFF , Dunarobba Fossil Forest site; FB , Fosso Bianco section; CT , Cava Toppetti section.…”

“…) and the Tiberino Basin (Spadi et al . ) as well as the Middle Valley of the Tiber River (Pandolfi et al . ).…”

“…In particular, Spadi et al . (, ) investigated the deep lacustrine facies of the L'Aquila and Tiberino basins, revealing the presence of two different endemic assemblages of Piacenzian–Gelasian age and characterized by two Caspiocypris species flocks. The littoral assemblages for both palaeolakes lack endemicity and seem to be composed of species that are more or less widespread in Italy and both central and eastern Europe (Spadi ).…”