The article offers a relatively new theoretical framework articulating macro, meso and micro levels of analysis of the migration process, which often are disconnected in the sociology of migration. This alternative approach rests on the classical sociological concept of career. The concept of migratory career integrates structures of opportunities, individual characteristics and networks to make sense of the migratory experience. This concept helps us to fill the gap between scholars of migration and people’s movement on the one hand, and scholars of integration and incorporation in the new country, on the other hand. Migratory career must be considered as an additional concept to the traditional concepts such as integration, assimilation or incorporation, which are mainly focused on the situation of migrants in the receiving country. Furthermore, the use of the concept of migratory career allows to connect the theoretical thinking on migration to mainstream sociological theories.
A fast-growing strain of human hepatitis A virus was selected and characterized. The virus has the unusual property of developing a strong cytopathic effect in tissue culture in 7 to 10 days. Sequences of the viral genome were cloned into recombinant plasmids with the double-stranded replicative form as a template for the reverse transcription of cDNA. Restriction analysis and direct sequencing indicate that this strain is different from that described by Ticehurst et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:5885-5889, 1983) in the region that presumptively codes for the major capsid protein VP1, but both isolates have conserved large areas of homology in the untranslated 5'-terminal sequences of the genome.
Looking at the current state of the literature, political scientists and sociologists have neglected the political relevance of ethnic and migrant minorities' popular cultural and artistic productions to concentrate on more conventional forms of political participation. In the first section of this paper, we provide a theoretical framework to this special issue by examining the links between music and politics. We underline several elements related to music which potentially have political significance. We discuss how music can provide/ ascribe identities and a sense of place. In the second part of the paper, we attempt to explain why ethnic minorities choose music as a means of political expression. To this end, we present and subsequently critique a typology of political action in popular music developed by the American political scientist Mark Mattern. The paper concludes by stressing the urgent need to develop research on the topic and how this special issue makes its own contribution to this agenda.
Belgium is one of the most multicultural and multiracial countries of the European Union. Today, the immigrant-origin population' represents about 12 percent of the total population (about 10 million people). Contrary to some neighboring states, EU citizens2 account for more than 60 percent of the total immigrant-origin population. Among the non-EU, Moroccans (more than 120,000) and Turks (about 70,000) are the largest groups, but almost all the nationalities of the world are represented. The immigrant-origin population is unequally distributed in the territory. In the capital city, Brussels, it comprises more than 28.5 percent of the population, whereas in Flanders it does not reach 5 percent, and it is 10 percent in Wallonia.
This paper provides a qualitative overview of the state-of-the art on issues related to immigrants' political participation, mobilisation and representation, and also presents some research perspectives to be explored in the future. It is divided into seven parts. The fi rst part addresses conceptual and defi nition issues. The second presents and discusses the thesis of political quiescence of immigrants. Part three part focuses on the explanations of the various forms of immigrant political participation. The fourth part presents a typology of the various forms of immigrant political participation in the country of settlement. Part fi ve specifi cally discusses the issue of transnational political participation. The sixth identifi es gaps in the literature to which new research perspectives might correspond. The concluding policy-oriented part addresses the issue of how to evaluate and assess the political participation of immigrants and their offspring in the country of residence.
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