To improve the efficiency of liposome-mediated DNA transfer as a tool for gene therapy or vaccinology, we have further developed a new delivery system based on the modified immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virus (IRIV). In this study, we engineered a plasmid DNA vector expressing the mumps virus hemagglutinin or the fusion protein. The administration of this DNA vaccine delivered by influenza virosomes, in combination with the mucosal adjuvant Escheriagen via the intranasal route, was efficient for inducing an immune response, both mucosally and systemically, in mice. The production of IgG2a mumps virus-specific antibodies and the secretion of interleukin 10 (IL-10) by antigen-specific T cells indicated that not only Th1 but also Th2 responses were induced by this DNA vaccine formulation. These results suggest that cationic virosomes in combination with Escheriagen may have great potential as an efficient delivery system for intranasal DNA immunization and provide an immune barrier at the mucosal sites.
The observation of many cases of mumps and mumps-associated CNS complications in vaccinees prompted us to perform an evaluation of the efficacy of four attenuated mumps virus (Urabe, Jeryl Lynn, Rubini and S12) vaccines. Two doses of vaccine were necessary to induce a good immunity in animals. The humoral and cell-mediated response induced in mice immunized intramuscularly or intranasally with these vaccines has been evaluated. Although the Urabe and Jeryl Lynn strains appear more immunogenic than the other strains and induce higher levels of IgG when administered intramuscularly, the S-12 strain administered intranasally induces a good IgG response. A marked specific CTL activity against mumps virus was observed in mice immunized intranasally with all the strains and, particularly, with the S12 strain. Thus, the intranasal immunization could be considered a possible alternative and efficient route of vaccination against mumps.
The envelope glycoproteins G1/G2 of Toscana virus (TOSV) seem to have the most important protective role in stimulating antibodies against the disease in humans, as well as antibodies against the Nucleoprotein (N), a partial neutralizing activity. Mice immunized with TOSV recombinant Nucleoprotein developed a strong humoral response to the TOSV that revealed the presence of neutralizing antibody than in vitro assay. The neutralizing antibody titre of mice immunized with the whole TOSV was analyzed before and after absorption of the sera with the recombinant N protein. A decrease of the neutralizing activity was observed in the treated sera. Similar results were obtained absorbing human anti-TOSV positive sera with the recombinant N protein. This study was designed to identify the nature of antibodies produced against the N protein of TOSV in mice and to establish correlation with antibodies produced in humans by natural infection.
The envelope glycoproteins G1/G2 of Toscana virus (TOSV) seem to have the most important protective role in stimulating antibodies against the disease in humans, as well as antibodies against the Nucleoprotein (N), a partial neutralizing activity. Mice immunized with TOSV recombinant Nucleoprotein developed a strong humoral response to the TOSV that revealed the presence of neutralizing antibody than in vitro assay. The neutralizing antibody titre of mice immunized with the whole TOSV was analyzed before and after absorption of the sera with the recombinant N protein. A decrease of the neutralizing activity was observed in the treated sera. Similar results were obtained absorbing human anti-TOSV positive sera with the recombinant N protein. This study was designed to identify the nature of antibodies produced against the N protein of TOSV in mice and to establish correlation with antibodies produced in humans by natural infection.
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