The level of automation in factories and plants, and the need for their fast design and customization, increases steadily. These systems are often designed with various means, and controlled by heterogeneous embedded hard-and software. These circumstances raise the problem complexity and the time to be invested. The state-of-the art and the trends in design and engineering for the industrial automation have not yet provided an applicable solution to the mentioned issues. Hence a new European project tries to overcome the previous problems with a new component based approach for automatically linking the design and implementation phases. This document resumes and analyses the results of a survey conducted among the project industrial partners about their current design and implementation processes. What emerges is the need and the lack of connection, and even transformation rules, between the two aforementioned processes.
The IEC 61499 standard has been recently adopted to promote a more flexible development process in the control and automation domain. The standard mainly deals with modeling issues leaving a lot of model execution details open. Different research groups are already working for the development of execution environments for the defined component model, proposing implementations with different execution semantics. This paper discuss the semantics of the execution environment and presents two execution environments, which although independently developed share a similar view of IEC61499 execution semantics and are both implemented over RTAI (Real Time Application Interface), a real-time linux-based platform.
To optimize real-time stream-processing applications for chip-level multi processors, several challenges have to be met. Poor scalability and poor internal data pressure may result from serial dependencies within or between the algorithms. Load imbalances introduced by the parallel-processing hardware and execution environment may also limit performance. To maximize the throughput and minimize the latency of parallel stream-processing applications, we propose an approach that complements run-time dynamic load balancing with static pre-compile partitioning. In our solution, the dynamic features are based on event-driven scheduling, while the static features benefit from profile-guided automatic optimizations. In this paper, we present some recent enhancements of DSPE, an opensource development environment, featuring model and source code generators for prototyping, refining and customizing realtime stream-processing applications. By using our approach on micro-benchmarks and sample applications, we also show that it is possible to reduce the impact of the different speed-up constrainers.
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