2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension Developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

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ObjectivesTo provide a comprehensive overview of all reported cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings that predict clinical deterioration in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases were systematically searched for longitudinal studies published by April 2015 that reported associations between CMR findings and adverse clinical outcome in PAH. Studies were appraised using previously developed criteria for prognostic studies. Meta-analysis using random effect models was performed for CMR findings investigated by three or more studies.ResultsEight papers (539 patients) investigating 21 different CMR findings were included. Meta-analysis showed that right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction was the strongest predictor of mortality in PAH (pooled HR 1.23 [95 % CI 1.07–1.41], p = 0.003) per 5 % decrease. In addition, RV end-diastolic volume index (pooled HR 1.06 [95 % CI 1.00–1.12], p = 0.049), RV end-systolic volume index (pooled HR 1.05 [95 % CI 1.01–1.09], p = 0.013) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (pooled HR 1.16 [95 % CI 1.00–1.34], p = 0.045) were of prognostic importance. RV and LV mass did not provide prognostic information (p = 0.852 and p = 0.983, respectively).ConclusionThis meta-analysis substantiates the clinical yield of specific CMR findings in the prognostication of PAH patients. Decreased RV ejection is the strongest and most well established predictor of mortality.Key Points• Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is useful for prognostication in pulmonary arterial hypertension.• Right ventricular ejection fraction is the strongest predictor of mortality.• Serial CMR evaluation seems to be of additional prognostic importance.• Accurate prognostication can aid in adequate and timely intensification of PAH-specific therapy.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00330-016-4217-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.