Prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer death in Brazilian men. One of the relevant phenomena to the inherited susceptibility is the presence of allelic variants in genes involved with the DNA repair pathway. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequencies of prevalent, heterozygous and rare genotypes of the base excision repair genes APEX1 and XRCC1 in a case-control study and relate the genotypes with tumoral aggressiveness. DNA from peripheral blood of 172 patients and 172 controls were analyzed by RFLP-PCR method. The polymorphisms were also evaluated in relation to clinical and pathological parameters. The OR (Odds Ratio) and confidence interval (CI = 95%) were used in the association study and the Chi-square and ANOVA tests for the evaluation of histopathological parameters. The rare genotypes frequencies of the gene APEX1 increased the risk for the development of prostate cancer (OR = 1.68 95% CI 1.10-2.58). No association was found for the gene XRCC1 (OR = 0.82 95% CI 0.53-1.27). The combined analysis for both genes did not show association with this neoplasia (OR = 1.27 95% CI 0.79-20.5). The relationship of XRCC1 and APEX1 genotypes with cancer aggressiveness through the correlation with histopathological parameters, did not find any association. Our results suggest that the polymorphism in the gene APEX1 may be indicated as a potential marker for prostate cancer risk.

SCI patients have a significant decrease in total seminal PSA but total serum PSA is not affected by this lesion.

The determination of %FPSA and PSAD can allow a better discrimination between PCa and benign disease that the isolated use of PSA. The combination of PSADTZ, %FPSA, TZV and age promote a high accuracy for PCa detection.

Aim:Compare inflammation and collagen production induced by four sling materials in female rats. Methods: Adult female rats (n=144) were submitted to a urinary incontinence model and neutering. After four weeks they were randomized in 5 groups: Sham; autologous sling; Marlex; swine intestinal submucosa (SIS), and polypropylene mesh (TVT). Animals were killed at 7, 30 and 90 days. The inflammatory infiltrated area was rated from 0 to 3 (0=area smaller than 25%, 1=between 25% and 50%, 2 between 50% and 75%, and 3 for areas greater than 75%). The presence of granuloma and necrosis was noted. Penetration in the vesical wall was evaluated employing a system of scores from 0 to 3. The amount of collagen I and III, and the total was assessed using the Picro-Sirius staining technique. Results: The Sham group presented lower inflammatory parameters at 7 days. On the 30th day, the autologous fascia presented inflammatory reactions similar to the Sham group, and lower than the remaining groups. The synthetic materials demonstrated greater inflammatory reactions at 60 days. No differences between groups were observed other than those concerning collagen production, except at 60 days, when TVT and SIS differed from Fascia and Sham in the production of collagen III. Conclusion: Autologous fascia produced less inflammatory reaction and collagen. TVT and Marlex caused more intense and longer-lasting inflammatory reaction with greater visceral penetration. When TVT was used , this process resulted in a higher quantity of collagen III. The presence of SIS, although presenting a less intense inflammatory reaction than the synthetics, also caused greater collagen III production at 60 days.

Younger women, association of several urinary symptoms, symptoms of urinary loss, and longer time since symptom onset were determining factors for seeking medical treatment.