Fifty-six Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from Chile and neighboring countries and different hosts, humans, and Triatoma infestans and Mepraia sp., vectors of domiciliary and natural environments were characterized by using three molecular markers. These were cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene sequencing, minicircle DNA blotting, and hybridization with five genotype-specific DNA probes and nuclear analysis of 1f8 and gp72 by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results with all three molecular markers are concordant, with minor limitations, grouping T. cruzi stocks into four discrete typing units (DTUs) (TcI, TcII, TcV, and TcVI). TcI and TcII stocks were heterogeneous. TcI and TcII stocks were clustered in two main subgroups determined by Cyt b gene sequencing and minicircle hybridization. However, TcV and TcVI stocks were homogeneous and not differentiated by Cyt b gene sequencing or minicircle DNA hybridization. The discriminatory power and limitations of the molecular markers are discussed, as well as the distribution of the four DTUs in the domiciliary and sylvatic transmission cycles of Chile and the limitations of each marker for molecular epidemiological studies performed with T. cruzi stocks rather than the analysis of direct T. cruzi samples from natural hosts.
i-Tour es un modelo de negocio para un sistema basado en la localización, i-Tour es sinónimo de "sistemas de transporte inteligentes para la optimización de los desplazamientos urbanos" y resulta en un escenario caracterizado por la amplia difusión de las conexiones inalámbricas a escala urbana y regional, por los servicios de movilidad de transporte multimodal.Se desarrollará en un marco abierto para ser utilizado por diferentes proveedores, autoridades y ciudadanos para proporcionar inteligentes servicios multimodales de movilidad, además apoyará al cliente y sugiere, de un modo fácil de usar, las diferentes formas de transporte, teniendo en cuenta las preferencias del usuario, así como información en tiempo real sobre las condiciones de la carretera, el clima, el estado del transporte público de la red. Contará con una interfaz muy fácil de usar accesibles desde PC, PDA y teléfonos inteligentes. Está diseñado para promover el uso del transporte público, fomentando las opciones de transporte sostenible y proporcionando mecanismos para recompensar a los usuarios que eligen opciones públicas de viaje
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