Conceptual foundations of governance-a critical review 1 This article presents the sources, nature and areas of criticism of governance. We will critically reflect on both its theoretical-normative and its pragmatic dimension. The conclusions we will arrive at will serve to highlight the main issues around which the study of the deficits of governance is focused. Finally, we will see four hypothetical scenarios for the evolution of the public governance paradigm emerge on the basis of the critical reflection and the resulting conclusions.
Purpose: To determine how remote education at Polish universities of economics changed between the first and second term of classes held during the pandemic (March-June 2020 vs. October 2020-February 2021). Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on a survey of organisational changes implemented by four Polish universities of economics (in Katowice, Kraków, Poznań, and Wrocław) as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak. Findings: It was found that in the winter term 2020/21, the timeliness of educational activities noticeably improved and synchronous methods were employed more frequently, whereas email was the preferred mode of communication for tutorials in both terms. Social implications: The universities surveyed were able to respond to the crisis within a reasonably short time and continued to provide education throughout the pandemic. The findings imply that the interruption of face-to-face instruction should have little effect on their students’ employment prospects after graduation. Originality/value: The case study looks in depth at the process of organisational change forced by external circumstances at four organisations. It also illustrates the direction and magnitude of adjustments made by the selected HEIs as perceived by their students. To date, no comparable research on the subject has been published in the literature. Funding: The publication was financed from the subsidy granted to the Cracow University of Economic – Project nr 046/GAP/2022/POT. Keywords: emergency remote teaching, higher education, organizational change, Covid-19 crisis. Category of the paper: Research paper, case study.
The article considers the importance of forming a strategy for the development of territories. It is important for each territorial community to model its future development with a high quality of life, equal access to services and comfortable living conditions. The strategy is a roadmap for community development, which is formed to achieve important long-term goals and a vision, taking into account the internal strengths and weaknesses of the community, external opportunities and threats, and reducing uncertainty about the future. A methodology for assessing the effectiveness level of the territorial community development strategy based on expert criteria assessment has been developed. Among the criteria for evaluating the strategy are the following: the analytical part of the development strategy, stakeholder survey, composition of the working group on strategy development, SWOT analysis, development scenarios, the presence of the vision and its compliance with the established criteria, the mission and its compliance with the established criteria, availability of the formed Action Plan, visualization of the development strategy, consideration of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the strategy, preservation of the principle of decomposition and monitoring of the strategy implementation. The strategy of development of the territorial community can be characterized by low, medium and high levels of efficiency. The results of the expert assessment make it possible to determine the index of the effectiveness of the local community development strategy. Approbation of the developed methodology on the example of territorial communities of Ivano-Frankivsk district is carried out. Strategies for the development of the studied territorial communities are characterized by an average level of efficiency. The most common shortcomings of most strategies are lack of development scenarios, lack of mission and failure to take into account the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and failure to take into account SMART criteria when setting operational goals. A methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness level of the strategy of development of the territorial community will increase the level of its effectiveness and increase the responsibility for the implementation of the strategy.
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