No abstract

Introduction. Schizophrenia to a considerably great degree impairs the social functioning of the persons affected in the spheres of interpersonal and occupational contacts, as well as self-care. It brings about serious cognitive, perceptual, motor and emotional deficits, inevitably leading to the social withdrawal of patients. This phenomenon may assume various forms, from the limitations in interpersonal relations, through narrowing these relations to only some circumstances, to the total cessation of social contacts. Objective. The objective of the study is presentation of the most important problems related with social functioning and quality of life of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, based on scientific studies conducted in Poland and worldwide. State of knowledge. The family of a schizophrenia patient exerts a great effect on the social functioning. While undertaking proper actions the family may become a co-therapist and significantly facilitate the patient's adjustment to life in society and his/her playing a specified role. Analysis of disorders in social functioning of patients with schizophrenia, in the context of social cognition, indicates the fact that these disorders have their source in the lack of capabilities for identification of own and other people's internal states, whereas mentalization is the essence of social cognition. Conclusions. Therapy, any psychosocial impact as well as rehabilitation, neutralizes the causes for patients' withdrawal from social life. Training of social skills is necessary which teaches patients to return to the situation when they would be able to function properly in their environment.

No abstract

No abstract

Coraz więcej dowodów wskazuje, że neurotropowy czynnik pochodzenia mózgowego BDNF (ang. brain derived neurotrophic factor) to najbardziej rozpowszechniona neurotrofina w układzie nerwowym, która odgrywa ważną rolę jako wskaźnik skutecznie realizowanej rehabilitacji wobec osób z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii. Obecnie, w oparciu o nowoczesną diagnostykę laboratoryjną i aparaturową możliwe jest diagnozowanie deficytów, które wpływają na poziom funkcjonowania chorych, a na ich podstawie ustalanie indywidualnego programu readaptacyjnego, uwzględniającego różne formy terapii, w różnych środowiskach. W oparciu o przegląd dostępnego piśmiennictwa w pracy zaprezentowano dotychczasowe wyniki badań analizujących związek pomiędzy wybranymi oddziaływaniami rehabilitacyjnymi stosowanymi u pacjentów z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii, a zmianami stężenia BDNF - związku pomiędzy poziomem BDNF z aktywnością fizyczną oraz z terapią EEG Biofeedback. Badania dotyczące zastosowania prezentowanej metody wydają się wskazywać na użyteczność czynnika BDNF w ocenie skuteczności realizowanych oddziaływań rehabilitacyjnych w tej grupie chorych. Zmiany w stężeniu czynnika neurotropowego mogą być wskaźnikiem synergizmu ośrodkowego i obwodowego układu nerwowego, a wysokie stężenia BDNF uwarunkowane aktywnością fizyczną oraz neuromodulacyjnym efektem terapii EEG Biofeedback mogą wskazywać na ich skuteczność. Wykorzystanie różnych metod neurorehabilitacyjnych może poprawić funkcjonowanie społeczne osób chorych na schizofrenię. Traktowanie BDNF jako biologicznego wskaźnika tych procesów może być interesującą hipotezą.

In spite of a hundred year long history of scientific research compulsive buying has been a hardly known phenomenon until today. Ambiguous scientific information makes it impossible to classify compulsive buying as a separate mental disorder. Recently many researchers have noticed phenomenological compatibility of compulsive buying with behavioural addictions. Nowadays, there is reasonable grounds that compulsive buying disorder can be defined as an addiction. There are many similarities occurring between a consumer type behaviours in compulsive buyers and a pathologic consumption of psychoactive substances which included the obsessive need to consumer or a compulsion to consume, personal dependence and loss of control over self-behaviour, as well as tendencies to the consumption increase. Compulsive buying disorder differs in its course from the compulsive behaviours. A strong compulsion to make a given activity, often impossible to restrain is associated with overwhelming but acceptable desire to purchase a specific item. Due to the latest information about the described phenomenon, it has been decided to present current knowledge of adequate classifications, epidemiology and therapy of compulsive buyers. In the article authors' own standpoint as regards pathogenesis and potential risk factors was described.

Introduction and objective. Data on the possible role of peritoneal fluid free radical-mediated oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of endometriosis still remains inconsistent. The aim of the study was to determine iron metabolism markers and their influence on oxidative stress parameters in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Materials and method. 110 women with endometriosis and 119 patients with benign ovarian cysts were included in the study. All visible peritoneal fluid was aspirated during laparoscopy from the anterior and posterior cul-de-sacs. under direct vision to avoid blood contamination. Haemoglobin, iron, total oxidative status, and total antioxidant status were measured using standard colourimetric kits. Results. Haemoglobin, iron levels, as well as total oxidative status values were significantly higher, whereas total antioxidant status values were significantly lower in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis, in comparison to the reference groups. No differences were observed in peritoneal fluid concentrations of all parameters measured in relation to the phase of the menstrual cycle. Conclusions. Peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis is characterized by disrupted iron metabolism. This is most likely related to an increased number of erythrocytes in the peritoneal cavity of endometriotic women, which leads to a higher concentration of haemoglobin in this environment. Impaired iron homeostasis may have a significant influence on the pathophysiology of peritoneal endometriosis by the direct impact of haemoglobin derivatives and/or formation of the pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative environment. Peritoneal cavity oxidative stress occurs predominantly in women in advanced stages of the disease.

BackgroundThe problem of coping with stress is an important one in the context of development and persistence of alcohol dependence. In the literature to date very little attention has been paid to coping patterns construed as a configuration of specific coping styles, particularly as regards the functioning of addicted individuals. The aim of the study was to verify whether individuals with alcohol dependence characterized by different coping patterns differ with respect to the severity of psychopathological symptoms, defense mechanisms and time perspectives.MethodsParticipants were given a battery of psychological tests—Coping Inventory for Stresfull Situations (CISS), Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ 40), Syndrom Checklist (SCL-90) and Short Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (SZPTI-PL). The sample comprised 112 individuals with alcohol dependence, aged 20 to 63 years old, the average age was 37.86; 78 percent were men. There were identified three sub-groups of individuals characterized by a distinctive patterns of coping with stress —“emotional-avoidant”, “task oriented” and a “mixed one”.ResultsIndividuals with the predominant emotional-avoidant coping pattern are characterized by significantly higher severity of psychopathological symptoms, less mature defense mechanisms and past time perspectives. Subjects reliant on task-oriented coping pattern were characterized by the highest level of adaptation and the most constructive way of functioning in the face of difficulties.ConclusionIt is worth regarding the examination of patterns of coping as an indispensable element of collecting medical history from alcohol dependent individuals.