Resumo: No Brasil, os problemas de armazenamento são sérios e as perdas, nessa fase, consideráveis. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes enquanto armazenadas deve ser avaliada, sob pena de não se obter a produtividade desejada. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido tendo como objetivo a análise do vigor de sementes de gergelim (Sesamum indicum) depois de armazenado durante seis meses, em condições controladas (câmara seca) e condições ambientais de Campina Grande, PB, acondicionadas em embalagens de sacos de papel, sacos de plástico e recipientes metálicos. A pesquisa mostrou que o vigor não apresentou diferenças significativas para as duas condições de conservação estudadas. O maior vigor apresentado foi das sementes acondicionadas em embalagens impermeáveis. Palavras-chave: armazenamento, embalagem, Sesamum indicum, vigorInfluence of packing and storage conditions on the vigor of sesame seeds Abstract: In Brazil, the storage problems are very serious and the losses in this phase are considerable. The physiological quality of the seeds after the storage must be evaluated, or the desired yields will not be attained. In the present study the objective was to analyse the vigor of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds after storage for six months under controlled and ambient conditions in Campina Grande city, Paraíba State, Brazil. The samples were conditioned in packings of paper bags, plastic sacks and metallic cans. The research showed that the vigor did not present significant differences for the two conservation conditions studied. The highest vigor was obtained for the seeds conditioned in impermeable packings. INTRODUÇÃOUm dos problemas enfrentados pelos agricultores do nordeste brasileiro é, além da escassez de água e da qualidade das terras, a baixa qualidade das sementes adquiridas, que acarreta prejuízos para os agricultores e para a economia nacional. Pesquisas têm sido realizadas pela Embrapa e outros centros de pesquisa, objetivando o desenvolvimento de genótipos de melhor qualidade fisiológica e mais resistente às condições adversas, com aumento de produtividade. A qualidade da semente é fator de extrema importância para que se obtenha a produtividade esperada, e o armazenamento é prática fundamental para o controle da qualidade fisiológica da semente sendo, um método por meio do qual, pode-se preservar a viabilidade das sementes e manter o seu vigor em nível razoável no período compreendido entre o plantio e a colheita.Os problemas de armazenamento estão dentre os mais comuns que entravam o desenvolvimento dos programas de sementes nos países menos desenvolvidos, em que uma das causas principais são as condições climáticas relativamente adversas, como altas temperaturas e umidades relativas, que prevalecem na maioria desses países e afetam, de maneira direta e indireta, as sementes uma vez que, devido as suas propriedades higroscópicas, a água dentro delas está sempre em equilíbrio com a umidade relativa do ar. Alto teor de umidade nas sementes, combinado com altas temperaturas, acelera os processos naturais...

RESUMOEsta pesquisa, realizada com o milho forrageiro híbrido AG 1051, na Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos de Campina Grande, PB, teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos residuais da água residuária e da adubação nitrogenada, aplicadas em cultivo de algodão herbáceo anteriormente realizado na área de estudo, sobre a produção do milho com palha, sem palha e em grãos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial [(2 x 5) + 2], com os fatores: dois tipos de água de irrigação (água de abastecimento e água residuária), cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 60, 90, 120 e 180 kg N ha -1 e adubação de fundação com P e K) e duas testemunhas (água de abastecimento e água residuária), com quatro repetições. Os resultados mostraram aumento linear na produção de milho, em função do aumento das doses de nitrogênio, tendo-se verificado incremento de 21,37% entre as doses de 0 a 60 kg de N ha -1 e queda de 12,47% quando se aumentou a dose de 60 para 90 kg de N ha -1 , aumento de 7,07 e de 19,9% entre a aplicação da dose de 90 para 120 kg de N ha -1 e de 120 para 180 kg de N ha -1 , respectivamente e, ainda, que a irrigação com água residuária promoveu incremento na produção de 144%, em relação à produção, alcançada com água de abastecimento. Palavras-chave: reúso, nitrogênio, produtividadeEffect of irrigation with treated wastewater on production of forage corn ABSTRACTThe research accomplished with the hybrid forage corn AG 1051, was conducted in the Sewar Treament station of Campina Grande city, Paraíba state, Brazil. The objective was to analyze the residual effects of wastewater and of nitrogen manuring on production of corn with straw, without straw and in grains. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with factorial scheme (2 x 5 + 2), where the factors were: two types of irrigation water (water of municipal supply and treated wastewater), five doses of nitrogen (0, 60, 90, 120 and 180 kg N ha -1 and basal manuring with P and K) and two controls (water of municipal supply and treated wastewater), with four replications. The results showed that there was linear increase in corn production as a function of the increase of nitrogen doses incorporated to the soil, having verified an increment of 21.37% between doses of 0 and 60 kg N, reduction of 12.47% when the dose increased from 60 to 90 kg of N, increase of the production of 7.07 and 19.9% among the application of the dose from 90 to 120 kg N and from 120 to 180 kg N, respectively; and further the irrigation with wastewater promoted an increment in the production of 144%, compared to the production obtained with municipal supply water.

<p>O reúso de efluentes tratados não é uma prática nova, no entanto, há um interesse crescente em relação à necessidade de sua reutilização. Objetivou-se avaliar a caraterização das águas residuárias domestica e do reator UASB e água salobra de poço para o cultivo hidropônico de alface crespa. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido com sistema hidropônico. Delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com esquema fatorial 7 x 3, três repetições sendo, 7 soluções hidropônicase três cultivares de alface. A parcela experimental, S₁=solução de Furlani; S₂=água residuária domestica; S₃=água residuária domestica otimizada; S₄=água de poço; S₅=água de poço otimizada; S₆=água residuária (UASB) e S₇=água residuária (UASB) otimizada, subparcela três cultivares de alface. O pH das águas residuárias foram de 7,7 e 7,4 (Poço); 7,4 e 8,0 (Esgoto bruto) e, 7,2 e 8,2 (Extrabes). A (CE) foram 0,957 e 1,002 (Poço); 2,133 e 2,368 (Esgoto bruto) e (Extrabes) 2,502 e 2,4 09 dS m^-1. O uso de soluções minerais nutritivas utilizando água residuária é viável quando utilizado em sistemas hidropônicos, sendo indicado para principalmente para região do semiárido brasileiro e quando se faz uso de água de irrigação de qualidade inferior na produção de hortaliças.</p><p class="Default" align="center"><strong><em>Quality of wastewater and brackish water used in the hydroponic cultivation of three varieties of curly lettuce</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The reuse of treated wastewater is not a new practice, however, there is a growing interest in the need for re-use. The objective was to evaluate the Characterisation of domestic wastewater and UASB and brackish well for hydroponic lettuce. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment with hydroponically. Experimental design was a randomized block with factorial 7 x 3, three replications and 7 hydroponic solutions and three lettuce cultivars. The experimental portion, S1 = Furlani solution; S2 = domestic wastewater; S3 = domestica optimized wastewater; S4 = well water; S5 = optimized well water; S6 = wastewater (UASB) and S7 = wastewater (UASB) optimized subplot three lettuce cultivars. The pH of wastewater were 7.7 and 7.4 (well); 7.4 and 8.0 (raw sewage) and 7.2 and 8.2 (Extrabes). The (EC) were 0.957 and 1.002 (Wells); 2,133 and 2,368 (raw sewage) and (Extrabes) 2,502 09 and 2.4 dS m^-1. The use of nutritional mineral solutions using wastewater is feasible when used in hydroponic systems, is indicated for mainly for the Brazilian semi-arid region and when it makes use of water of poor quality irrigation in vegetable production.</p>

The study aimed to determine the microbiological quality for coliform in three lettuce cultivars grown hydroponically with optimized solutions. The study was conducted in a protected environment and driven in a hydroponic system adopting the technique of laminar flow nutrientes-NFT, on the premises of the State University of Para&iacute;ba-Campus II in Lagoa Seca, PB having the following coordinates: 7&deg;10&prime;15&Prime;S; 35&deg;51&prime;14&Prime;W. The experimental design was a randomized block with a split-plot treatment in 7 &times; 3 factorial, with three replicates whose factors were 7 hydroponic solutions with three lettuce cultivars. The optimized solutions were formulated taking as reference the nutrient solution Furlani. The plot was constituted by nutrient solution (S). S1 = Furlani solution; S2 = domestic wastewater; S3 = optimized domestic wastewater; S4 = well water; S5 = optimized well water; S6 = wastewater from the UASB reactor and S7 = optimized wastewater from the UASB reactor and as for the subplot the three lettuce cultivars (Thais, Vanda and Veronica). In none of the samples of the three lettuce cultivars in the first experiment did the microbiological quality increase at 45&deg;C, by the Most Probable Number (MPN) table, when the tube combination was 0-0-0, that is, without growth in none of the tubes, it is assumed that the MPN is less than 1.8 &mu;g. ll samples were considered acceptable for the microbiological standard of thermotolerant coliforms at 45 &deg;C/g. The leaf chlorophyll content is positively correlated with the N content in the plant.

The study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of three varieties of lettuce subjected to different treatments of wastewater. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 7 x 3 split-plot with three replicates. The factors were 7 hydroponic and 3 cultivars of crisp lettuce. The solutions were formulated and optimized by considering Furlani solution as reference nutrient. The experimental portion consisted of the nutritive solutions (S). S1 = Furlani solution; S2 = domestic wastewater; S3 = optimized domestic wastewater; S4 = well water; = S5 optimized well water; S6 = wastewater from the UASB reactor and S7 = wastewater optimized from the UASB reactor, the subplot was constituted of three lettuce cultivars (Verônica, Vanda and Thais). The results showed that solutions with domestic wastewater (S2), optimized domestic wastewater (S3), optimized well water (S5) and the solution wastewater from the UASB reactor (S6) promoted the highest number of leaves per plant for the three cultivars. Solutions with enhanced domestic wastewater (S3), optimum water well (S5) and the solution formulated from the wastewater from the UASB reactor (S6) promoted the highest stem diameter in three cultivars. The highest value of total production was obtained from Vanda cultivar, when the wastewater from the UASB reactor (S6) was used as nutritive solution.

Hydroponic cultivation is characterized by high initial costs compared with conventional cultivation. This study discusses the economic viability of implementing a hydroponic system for lettuce production with different mineral and organomineral nutrient solutions through simulation. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots and three replicates. Plots consisted of eight nutrient solutions: four mineral solutions, with chemical compositions proposed by Bernardes, Castellane and Araújo, Furlani, and Ueda, and four solutions with chemical compositions similar to those previously cited, but modified in the present research with the utilization of biofertilizer in the composition, to produce four organomineral nutrient solutions. Subplots consisted of three varieties of curly lettuce: Verônica, Vanda and Thaís. After harvesting, lettuce plants were separately weighed according to the treatments and, from this information, the selling price was determined based on research conducted in major supermarkets in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The calculation of expenses took into account the effective operating cost, total operating costs and the total production cost. According to the simulation, regardless of the cultivar used, lettuce hydroponic cultivation had higher annual profit, with values of US$ 18,880.00 and 18,730.00, using the mineral nutrient solutions of Furlani and Bernardes, respectively. Among the organomineral nutrient solutions, the Furlani solution when used in the production of the cultivar Verônica led to annual profit of US$ 11,440.00.

The use of treated effluents is not a new practice in agriculture, however, the optimization of wastewater was given with mineral fertilizers to grow lettuce in a hydroponic system, subject that is still barely studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mineral composition of three lettuce cultivars (Verônica, Vanda and Thais) in a hydroponic system using wastewater, well water and optimized nutrient solutions. The plants was grown in seven nutrient solutions, as S 1 = Furlani solution; S 2 = domestic wastewater; S 3 = optimized domestic wastewater; S 4 = well water; S 5 = optimized well water; S 6 = wastewater UASB and S 7 = optimized UASB wastewater and the sub-plot for three lettuce cultivars. It was verified that the treatments S 2 , S 4 and S 6 when compared with the respective optimized solutions S 3 , S 5 and S 7 presented lower levels of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, zinc, copper and manganese in the two experiments. Same behavior was not observed for phosphorus and sodium. As for the cultivars, they presented, regardless of the experiment, mineral composition similar to each other when the same nutrient solution was used.

The monitoring, calibration and maintenance of nutrient solutions are fundamental for the development of hydroponic lettuce. This study aimed to monitor temperature, electrical conductivity, hydrogen potential and consumption of nutrient solution, besides evaluating the effectiveness of the Microsoft Office Excel SOLVER tool in the calibration of different mineral and organomineral nutrient solutions in the NFT hydroponic cultivation of curly lettuce. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with three replicates and the treatments consisted of four mineral solutions proposed by Furlani, Bernardes, Ueda and Castellane and Araújo, besides four organomineral nutrient solutions, proposed in this research, with chemical composition similar to the previously cited ones. For 24 days, the nutrient solutions were monitored and the variations of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and nutrient solution consumption by the crop were measured. Calibrations were made using the Microsoft Excel SOLVER tool, using as reference an EC of 1.5 dS m -1 and nutrient solution volume of 17 L. During the experiment, regardless of the nutrient solution (modified and mineral), temperature showed maximum and minimum values of 28.7 and 21.5 ºC, respectively, and pH variation was lower in the modified nutrient solutions. Water consumption was higher with the use of mineral solutions, in comparison to the organomineral solutions with the same chemical composition. The SOLVER tool was efficient and easily used in the calibration and maintenance of electrical conductivity and volume of the nutrient solutions.