Aquaponic and biofloc systems have advantages when compared to conventional food production, but studies that associate both systems are incipient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of Lactuca sativa in hydroponic and aquaponic systems (with Rhamdia quelen) with or without bioflocs and using minimal infrastructure. Hydroponic (H-system), aquaponic (Aqua), and aquaponics with bioflocs (Aqua-BF) were evaluated in a randomized design. It did not use a greenhouse, and a single tank to produce vegetables and fish together was used. The stocking density of lettuce was 20 plants m-2. A total of 168 R. quelen juveniles were used to Aqua and Aqua-BF. Total ammonia, nitrite, and turbidity of the water were higher to Aqua-BF than H-system and Aqua. Lettuces were significantly more productive in Aqua and Aqua-BF than in H-system. There were no differences between Aqua and Aqua-BF for the parameters lettuce production and fish performance. Under the conditions of this study, it was possible to conclude that aquaponics farmers can use silver catfish, and that aquaponic systems with and without bioflocs can improve the lettuce production. The use of bioflocs in the aquaponic system may improve the productivity but needs a better study to optimize and simplify this technology.
RESUMO.Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as atividades dos inibidores de tripsina, hemaglutinante e teores de taninos no farelo de soja e na soja crua e processada, e avaliar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da fração proteica para juvenis de pacu. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína da soja crua, extrusada, tostada e macerada foram determinadas usando óxido de cromo (0,5%) como marcador. Foi elaborada dieta de referência com 26% de proteína bruta e 4.352 kcal kg -1 , e a cada alimento avaliado foram substituídas 30% da dieta-teste. As fezes foram coletadas por pressão abdominal. Todos os produtos analisados apresentaram fatores antinutricionais, mas foi observada menor atividade de inibidor de tripsina no farelo de soja. Sojas que receberam tratamento térmico apresentaram os melhores coeficientes de digestibilidade e menores valores de atividade hemaglutinante do que a soja crua. Não foram observados efeitos dos inibidores de tripsina e taninos sobre o coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína, mas foi observada relação negativa entre os teores de hemaglutinina com a digestibilidade da proteína bruta. Para a alimentação do pacu recomenda-se a utilização do farelo de soja e da soja processada por extrusão ou tostada.Palavras-chave: hemaglutinina, inibidor tripsina, processamento da soja, tanino. ABSTRACT. Anti-nutritional factors and protein apparent digestibility coefficients of soybeans sources to pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus).This study aimed to determine the activities of trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinant and tannin levels in soybean meal and in raw and processed soy, as well evaluate the protein apparent digestibility coefficient for pacu juveniles. The apparent coefficients of raw, extruded, toasted and milled soy were determined using chromium oxide (0.5%) as marker. A reference diet was created with 26% crude protein and 4,352 kcal kg -1 , with each feed containing 30% of the test diet. Feces were collected by abdominal pressure. All analyzed products presented anti-nutritional factors, but the lowest trypsin inhibitor activity was observed in soybean meal. Soy that received thermal treatment presented better digestibility coefficients and lower hemagglutinating activity values than raw soy. No effects of trypsin and tannin inhibitor were observed on the protein digestibility coefficient, but a negative relationship was observed between hemagglutinin levels and protein digestibility coefficient. The use of soybean meal and extruded or toasted soy is recommended for pacu feeding.
Aquaculture has many occupational hazards, including those that are physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and mechanical. The risks in aquaculture are inherent, as this activity requires particular practices. The objective of the present study was to show the risks associated with the aquaculture sector and present a critical overview on the Brazilian public policies concerning aquaculture occupational health. Methods include online research involved web searches and electronic databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scielo and government databases. We conducted a careful revision of Brazilian labor laws related to occupational health and safety, rural workers, and aquaculture. The results and conclusion support the idea that aquaculture requires specific and well-established industry programs and policies, especially in developing countries. Aquaculture still lacks scientific research, strategies, laws, and public policies to boost the sector with regard to occupational health and safety. The establishment of a safe workplace in aquaculture in developing countries remains a challenge for all involved in employer-employee relationships.
Tartrate-resistant acid (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were evaluated in the serum and bone of broiler chicks fed with various amounts of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) or phytase. Data were analysed using a 4)3 factorial design containing four NPP levels per period. Analyses were performed in chicks aged 1Á21 days (0.21; 0.29; 0.37; 0.45 ppm) and 36Á42 days (0.13; 0.21; 0.29; 0.37 ppm) and under three different phytase level treatments (0, 500 and 1000 FTU/kg) for each period. In 42-day-old animals, the serum ACP and ALP activities did not differ in response to NPP and phytase levels and bone ACP activity decreased with increased phosphorus levels. We observed effects on ALP activity by approximately 70% in lower phosphorus (0.13 and 0.21) levels without phytase. The phytase addition decreased (PB0.05) ALP values in lower phosphorus levels. The bone ALP and ACP levels of 21-day-old animals were not affected by phosphorus or phytase. Pi depletion induces a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase synthesis, suggesting that the function of this enzyme is downregulated by phosphorus.
A silagem biológica de resíduo de pescado é um produto que pode solucionar os problemas de resíduos da indústria processadora de pescado e auxiliar na diminuição do custo das dietas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o nível de proteína e a porcentagem de inclusão de silagem biológica de resíduo de peixe (SBR) nas dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Para o ensaio biológico, foram utilizados 180 alevinos de tilápia distribuídos em 18 aquários, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, correspondendo a três níveis de proteína bruta (20%, 24% e 28%) e duas porcentagens de inclusão de silagem biológica de resíduo de tilápia (25% ou 50% do nível de proteína da dieta) com três repetições. O desempenho foi influenciado pela interação entre níveis de proteína e níveis de inclusão de silagem nas dietas. Em peixes alimentados com 50% SBR, as dietas com 24% e 28% de proteína proporcionaram os melhores resultados de desempenho. Os peixes alimentados com a ração com nível de inclusão de 50% SBR apresentaram melhor taxa de eficiência proteica e aumento da eficiência de retenção de proteína bruta e proteína bruta no ganho em peso. Concluiu-se que para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo recomenda-se utilizar dietas com 24% de proteína bruta com 50% do teor proteico proveniente da silagem biológica de resíduo de pescado.
The eugenol is the active ingredient of clove oil and it has shown to be effective and safe as fish anesthetic. In this study were evaluated the effects of different concentrations of eugenol for anesthesia, recovery time, blood glucose and hematocrit percentage of pearl cichlid (Geophagus brasiliensis) juveniles. Concentrations of 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, 170 and 200 mg L -1 eugenol were evaluated in terms of time to achieve the different stages of anesthesia and recovery in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 12 repetitions. These results were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test with subsequent Dunn test. The evaluated concentrations had anesthetic action of the deep induction 172.57 ± 25 s (50 mg L -1 ) and the period of full recovery of 516.25 ± 102 s (200 mg L -1 ), with statistical difference between the treatments at all the stages. The eugenol effect on blood glucose and on hematocrit percentage at 0 h after deep anesthesia was evaluated for concentrations of 0; 50; 80; 100; 150; 200 mg L -1 , in a completely randomized design with five replications, and the results were assessed by One-Way ANOVA. Glucose and percentage of hematocrit: no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were observed for these variables. All concentrations of eugenol showed to be effective as an anesthetic for G. brasiliensis and did not affect the survival, blood glucose and the percentage of hematocrit. To minimize adverse effects and achieve faster recovery is indicate the use of 50-80 mg L -1 of eugenol for pearl cichlid juveniles.Keywords: anesthesia; clove oil; fish; pearl cichlid UTILIZAÇÃO DE EUGENOL COMO ANESTÉSICO EM JUVENIS DE Geophagus brasiliensis RESUMOO eugenol, substância ativa do óleo de cravo, tem demonstrado ser eficiente e seguro como anestésico para peixes. Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de eugenol na anestesia, tempo de recuperação, glicemia e percentual de hematócrito de cará (Geophagus brasiliensis). Concentrações de 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, 170 e 200 mg L -1 de eugenol foram avaliadas em relação aos tempos para atingir os diferentes estágios de anestesia e de recuperação, em desenho inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com 12 repetições. Os resultados foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e teste Dunn. As concentrações avaliadas produziram ação anestésica em período de indução profunda de 172,57 ± 25 s (50 mg L -1 ) e no período de total recuperação de 516,25 ± 102 s (200 mg L -1 ), com diferença estatística entre os tratamentos para todas as fases avaliadas. Foi avaliado o efeito do eugenol sobre a glicose no sangue e sobre o percentual de hematócrito, em 0 h após anestesia profunda, nas concentrações 0, 50, 80, 100, 150 e 200 mg L -1 , em DIC com cinco repetições, e os resultados avaliados através de ANOVA uma via. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas (P>0,05) para glicose e hematócrito. Todas as concentrações de eugenol avaliadas apresentaram eficiência como anestésico para G. brasiliensis e não afetaram a sobrevivência,...
Changes in development and in physiological parameters of fingerlings of the pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fed on diets with high levels of integral crude, extruded, toasted soybean and soybean meal were assessed. The products were evaluated in practical diets for pacu, initially weighing 70 ± 2.19 g, during 82 days. Nine treatments were studied in a 2 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme which corresponded to two fish meal protein replacement levels (50 and 100%) and four soybean products, plus control (100% of fish meal -FM). Development, organosomatic indexes and physiological parameters were evaluated. No differences were reported with regard to weight gain, food intake, food conversion, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate. A significant interaction was registered for plasma protein between the evaluated ingredients and replacement percentage of fish meal protein. Results showed that the ingredients assessed did not affect the development of the pacu when compared to fish fed on control diet. Protein retention was favored when toasted soybean and when 50% of the diet's protein fraction from fish meal were employed. Soja processada em dietas para pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)RESUMO. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar alterações no desenvolvimento e em alguns parâmetros fisiológicos de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), alimentados com dietas contendo altas quantidades de soja integral crua, extrusada e tostada e de farelo de soja. Os ingredientes foram avaliados por 82 dias em dietas práticas para pacus com peso inicial de 70 ± 2,19 g. Foram utilizados nove tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 × 4 + 1, correspondendo a dois níveis de substituição: 50 e 100% da proteína da farinha de peixe e os quatro tipos de soja mais um controle (100% de farinha de peixe). Foram avaliados o desenvolvimento, índices somáticos e os parâmetros fisiológicos. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para os parâmetros: ganho em peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, retenção de proteína e crescimento específico. Para proteína plasmática foi observada interação significativa entre os ingredientes avaliados e a porcentagem de substituição da proteína da farinha de peixe. Concluiu-se que os diferentes ingredientes avaliados não tiveram efeito sobre o desenvolvimento do pacu, quando comparado com os que consumiram dieta controle, mas os usos de soja tostada e de 50% de proteína proveniente da farinha de peixe favorecem a retenção de proteína nos peixes.Palavras-chave: fatores antinutricionais, composição corporal, fisiologia.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.