BackgroundSexual violence is considered a serious violation of human rights which affects mainly young women and adolescents. There is little information about the conditions under which sexual offences occur. We evaluated characteristics of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women.MethodThis is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women. Analyses were carried out on data collected from 1118 women, 546 adolescents (10-19 years) and 572 adults (≥ 20 years), with a complaint of rape treated at Hospital Pérola Byington, São Paulo, between 1994 and 1999. The age limit of the adolescent sample met the World Health Organization’s (WHO) criteria. We analyzed the type of sexual contact, degree of intimidation, perpetrator and activity of the victim during the approach.ResultsCrimes without penetration were five times more frequent in adolescents and use of threats of death or intimidation was common in both groups. Mental illness was more prevalent in adult victims and the majority of adolescent victims were aged <14 years. Uncle and stepfather perpetrators were more frequent among adolescents and partners or former intimate partners in adult women. In most cases the approach occurred in public places, although sex crimes at the perpetrator’s residence were more frequent amongst adolescents.ConclusionsAlthough children and adolescents require the same intervention measures and legal protection, a considerable proportion of adolescent sex offenders can face conditions similar to those of adult women.

This study sought to evaluate motor development in children aged 6 to 11 years with learning difficulties and school characteristics of delayed motor development, before and after application of a motor intervention program. The sample consisted of 28 children with a mean age of 107.21 ± 16.56 months, who were evaluated by the Motor Development Scale and received motor intervention for 6 months, followed by reassessment. We observed a statistically significant difference between the average of the motor activity ratios in all areas of the evaluation and reevaluation. Also verified in the evaluation were the concentration ratios of children with motor activity greater than or equal to 80 and there was a revaluation increase in this concentration on re-evaluation, the areas with the greatest increase in concentration and significant differences being: Body Schema, Space and temporal Organization. In the overall evaluation of MDS, most children presented the classification of "low normal". However, in the reassessment most have evolved into the "average normal", only 4 of themremaining in the same classification. Therefore, in this study, children with learning disabilities also showed motor deficits and the intervention applied contributed to an increase in the motor ratios with consequent improvement in motor development. Besides psychopedagogical asistance, it is essential to reassess them and if necessary apply the intervention in the motor development of children with learning difficulties.

Background: About 7% of rape cases in Brazil result in pregnancy.Overall, Brazilian women are unaware of the right to legal interruption of pregnancy after rape, so they delay in applying the procedure to get a legal abortion or at the end they try to abort in a condition that may be unsafe. Objective:To analyse factors associated with the leadtime to have a legal abortion after rape.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The data were collected from electronical medical records of 1,270 women who requested legal abortion in a public hospital in São Paulo during the period of 1994 to 2013. The variables age, education, race, marital status, religion, form of intimidation, vulnerable condition, perpetrator of sexual violence, number of perpetrators, and police report were analysed in relation to gestational age, according to multiple multinomial logistic regression models. Results BackgroundSexual crimes particularly affect vulnerable young females and may be associated with physical trauma, mortality, sexual disorders, unwanted pregnancy, and psychological consequences. Damages to reproductive health include increased risk of infertility, anogenital cancer, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) [1]. In addition to representing a public health problem in developing countries, the subject of discussing the conflict of interrupting an unwanted pregnancy, as a consequence of a rape or not, requires a well informed decision making proccess, covering the scope of legal, moral, religious, social, and cultural aspects that are linked to it [2].Emerging data on violence against females around the world suggest that in some countries, one in five female suffer rape or attempted rape in their lifetime. Recent research on the behaviour, attitudes, and sexual experiences of young people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America revealed that between 5 and 20% of females' first sexual experience was forced. Regardless of whether they have access to contraception, a forced sexual act is usually unprotected, exposing females not only to unwanted pregnancy but also to STDs, including HIV [3].In Brazil, about 7% of rape cases resulted in pregnancy. Under Brazilian law, the victim of this type of violence has the right to abort. However, 67.4% of females who were pregnant after being raped didn't get the access to legal abortion in a The delay verified in the decision to search for legal termination of pregnancy cannot be attributed to or explained by the cost of abortion in Brazil. The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) ensures full and free coverage for abortion in these cases, regardless of the woman has any sort of health insurance. Therefore, the females who have participated in this study did not face any financial barriers to make legal abortion.According to the Allan Guttmacher Institute, the highest rates of abortions were observed between 1995 and 2008 mainly in those regions where laws against abortion are more rigid. In 2008, an average of 28 women per thousand carried out an abortion, indicating a...

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify dietary strategies for physically active individuals with muscle dysmorphia based on a systematic literature review.MethodReferences were included if the study population consisted of adults over 18 years old who were physically active in fitness centers. We identified reports through an electronic search ofScielo, Lilacs and Medline using the following keywords: muscle dysmorphia, vigorexia, distorted body image, and exercise. We found eight articles in Scielo, 17 in Medline and 12 in Lilacs. Among the total number of 37 articles, only 17 were eligible for inclusion in this review.ResultsThe results indicated that the feeding strategies used by physically active individuals with muscle dysmorphia did not include planning or the supervision of a nutritionist. Diet included high protein and low fat foods and the ingestion of dietary and ergogenic supplements to reduce weight.ConclusionPhysically active subjects with muscle dysmorphia could benefit from the help of nutritional professionals to evaluate energy estimation, guide the diet and its distribution in macronutrient and consider the principle of nutrition to functional recovery of the digestive process, promote liver detoxification, balance and guide to organic adequate intake of supplemental nutrients and other substances.

Introduction: Play has become an object of study in various sectors of society, as it is viewed as an innate, spontaneous activity that is critical for a child's physical, social, emotional and cognitive development, which facilitates communication, socialisation and adaptation to environments and people. During hospitalisation, children feel vulnerable as they have to cope with strange carers, invasive and painful procedures. Barriers to their regular activities tend to make the situation worse. Objectives: To describe the child's view of his/her playfulness in the hospital environment and investigate the social representation of a hospital playroom for children exposed to the story-drawing technique. Methods: This qualitative exploratory research used storydrawing as a tool for data collection with a sample of 12 children aged 6 to 11 years, while they were hospitalised. Data analysis was supported by a literature review and direct observation, which allowed the researchers to draw relationships between theory, the research hypotheses and the data collected. Findings: The children's construction and representation of playfulness while in hospital was directly related to the playroom, since most of them reported not conceiving of the possibility to play in bed or elsewhere in the hospital. Soon the playroom was further viewed as a place for socialising and recovering from illness as they approximated this environment to their reality in an attempt to make it a closest-as-possible representation of their homes. It was observed that play changed the children's preconceived ideas of the hospital, as they began to view the playroom as an environment in which they felt able to play and consequently well. Their story-drawings contextualised symbolically their current hospitalisation situation and became a scaffolding tool for their emotional well-being. Conclusions: The playroom can effectively aid hospitalised children to cope better with the new situation and support the restoration of their health. Play is an emotionally protective factor for children during hospitalisation. Although in Brazil it is now mandatory for health institutions to have a playroom with paediatric care, this breakthrough policy is still challenging for some institutions with respect to being staffed with engaged health professionals and establishing routine procedures.

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Quantitative study of a descriptive nature undertaken at Unidade de Referência em Doenças Infecciosas Preveníveis da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC designed to evaluate the prejudices that still exist in relation to HIV or AIDS patients, as well as their reasons and to investigate the difficulties in social adaptation of those patients. The sample comprised 20 HIV/AIDS patients seen from the Reference Unit and for data collection used a questionnaire. Most (11, 55%) of respondents reported an impact on their lives after the discovery of HIV seropositivity, usually in social life (friends, family and health services). It was found that the lack of knowledge about the disease is a factor of prejudice. In this study we could confirm the existence of prejudice related to HIV-positive patients, even after three decades of the first occurrence of HIV/AIDS.

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