Objetivo: estudar mecanismos e fatores relacionados com o abuso sexual, comparando suas freqüências entre vítimas crianças e adolescentes.Métodos: estudo retrospectivo de 617 vítimas de abuso sexual atendidas entre julho de 1994 e agosto de 1999 pelo Centro de Referência da Saúde da Mulher; 71 crianças (idade < 10 anos) e 546 adolescentes (10 a 20 anos). As variáveis de estudo foram crime sexual; constrangimento; presunção de violência; tipificação do agressor; número de agressores; situação da vítima no momento do crime; e ocorrência de traumas físicos. Os dados foram informatizados em programa Epi Info 6 e os resultados analisados pelo teste de c².Resultados: o estupro ocorreu em 90,8% das adolescentes e o atentado violento ao pudor em 46,5% das crianças. A violência presumida (VP) foi mais freqüente nas crianças (63,4%) e a grave ameaça nas adolescentes (63,2%). A inocencia consilli foi VP exclusiva entre crianças, atingindo 59,5% das adolescentes. Entre crianças, 84,5% foram abusadas por agressores identificáveis, geralmente do núcleo familiar, enquanto desconhecidos violentaram 72,3% das adolescentes. Nas crianças, o abuso ocorreu em 42,3% em suas residências e em 28,2% na do agressor. Adolescentes foram vitimadas durante atividades cotidianas (34,8%) e no percurso do trabalho ou escola (28,4%). A maioria das pacientes não apresentou traumas físicos genitais ou extragenitais.Conclusões: crianças foram submetidas, principalmente, ao atentado violento ao pudor, perpetrado por agressor conhecido, por meio de violência presumida e em ambientes privados. Nas adolescentes predominou o estupro por agressores desconhecidos, sob grave ameaça, em ambientes não domésticos. AbstractObjective: to study the frequency of sexual abuse in children and adolescents and its related factors.Methods: retrospective analysis of 617 cases of sexual abuse, assisted between July 1994 and August 1999 at the Women's Health Reference Center, divided into two groups: 71 children (age <10 years), and 546 adolescents (age > or =10 and <20 years). The analyzed variables were: sexual crime; embarrassment; presumption of violence; characteristics and number of abusers; the victim's situation at the moment of the crime; and occurrence of physical traumas. Epi Info 6 software was utilized to gather data, and the results were analyzed by the chi-square test.Results: significant statistic results were found. 90.8% of the adolescents were victims of rape, and 46.5% of the children suffered sexual assault. The presupposed violence (PV) was more frequent in the group of children (63.4%) and a serious threat in the group of adolescents (63.2%). Innocentia consilli was exclusive PV among 100% of children and 59..5% of adolescents. 84.5% of children were molested by identifiable abusers, most frequently family members. Perpetrators were unknown in 72.3% of the cases of adolescent abuse. 42.3% of sexual abuse of children occurred in their homes, and 28.2% at the abuser's. Adolescents were approached during daily activities (34.8%) and on their way to w...
BackgroundSexual violence is considered a serious violation of human rights which affects mainly young women and adolescents. There is little information about the conditions under which sexual offences occur. We evaluated characteristics of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women.MethodThis is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women. Analyses were carried out on data collected from 1118 women, 546 adolescents (10-19 years) and 572 adults (≥ 20 years), with a complaint of rape treated at Hospital Pérola Byington, São Paulo, between 1994 and 1999. The age limit of the adolescent sample met the World Health Organization’s (WHO) criteria. We analyzed the type of sexual contact, degree of intimidation, perpetrator and activity of the victim during the approach.ResultsCrimes without penetration were five times more frequent in adolescents and use of threats of death or intimidation was common in both groups. Mental illness was more prevalent in adult victims and the majority of adolescent victims were aged <14 years. Uncle and stepfather perpetrators were more frequent among adolescents and partners or former intimate partners in adult women. In most cases the approach occurred in public places, although sex crimes at the perpetrator’s residence were more frequent amongst adolescents.ConclusionsAlthough children and adolescents require the same intervention measures and legal protection, a considerable proportion of adolescent sex offenders can face conditions similar to those of adult women.
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