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The Unexplained Underperformance Syndrome (UPS) is characterized by a continued decrement in athletic performance, unresolved by two weeks rest (Robson, 2003). This study qualitatively examined psychological factors of potential relevance to UPS, with specific consideration of the consequences of a mentally tough attitude in the interpretation of fatigue Seven elite athletes, clinically diagnosed with UPS or Chronic Fatigue, participated in one-to-one interviews to examine their experience of UPS The results of this study revealed a paradoxical relationship between mental toughness and UPS. Specifically, a mentally tough attitude, deemed desirable in competitive sport, obviated physiological markers of fatigue Furthermore, the results indicated that non-training related stressors appeared to have a pivotal influence on the onset of UPS.

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Absfrucf -During August 1991, the Naval Research Laboratory conducted high-frequency shallow water acoustic scattering experiments in the Gulf of Mexico near Panama City, Florida. The acoustic measurements included surface and bottom reverberation, surface and bottom forward scattering, and direct path propagatlon. The results reported here are confined to the direct and bottom forward reflected paths and include the statktical characteristics of three signals; namely, the dlrect, the bottom reflected, and the direct plus the bottom reflected. Representative envelopes wlll be presented that illustrate the complexity of the shallow water environment Statistics, including the means, variances, and probability distributions for each signal, are presented to discern any differences that can be exploited In the detection process. The frequency range covered during the experiment was from 20 to 180 kHz. The supportlng environmental measurements included sound speed profiles, currents, wave heights, and bottom samples.

The purpose of the present study was to examine coaches' perception of high and low expectancy athletes' ability and effort expenditure over one half of a season. An additional aim was to examine the direction of any perceived changes in high and low expectancy athletes. Data were collected from 25 coaches based on interactions with 200 athletes using Darley and Fazio's (1980) Expectancy Confirmation process as a theoretical framework. Coaches reported limited flexibility in their perceptions of high and low expectancy athletes. Furthermore, coaches perceived that high expectancy athletes generally exceeded their expectations whereas their low expectancy counterparts either failed to meet their expectations or remained constant after a four-month period. Implications are discussed in terms of differential treatment according to expectancy status, athletic progression and continued participation in sport.