Examining the diversity of ultra-running motivations and experiences: A reversal theory perspective

Watkins, Leo; Wilson, Marcia A.; Buscombe, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102271

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It has been proven that the ultimate goal is finishing an ultra-run, not the final position [45]. In addition, Watkins et al [46] extended knowledge about the motivation of ultra-runners, pointing to aspects such as fun and care for competitors. Our experience allows us to supplement the knowledge about ultra-runners with another aspect, i.e., the importance of landscape values in choosing a running route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Landscape during Long-Distance Running Activity

Gajdek,

Kasprzyk,

Ortyl

2024

Sustainability

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Outdoor running has a positive impact on human health. Our study attempted to address the issue of what other aspects motivate people to take up running. We were particularly interested in the landscape and its significance at the stage of decision making regarding participation in races. Our goal was also to identify the landscape features of routes, which determine their popularity. We conducted surveys among running participants and spatial analyses using GIS tools. Great landscape values of running routes can contribute to the activation of a running society, especially those including women and city dwellers. The high diversity of the landscape of cross-country routes, especially in terms of their relief and land use, significantly affects their high landscape rating. Route profiles and running challenges are as important as landscape values. The landscape that runners observe during long-distance runs affects their regeneration and motivates them to finish competitions. Runs organised in mountain and foothill landscapes, characterised by a wide variety of landscapes, are particularly attractive for runners. This study illuminates how the enchanting tapestry of landscapes not only fuels the passion for outdoor running but also underscores the intricate relationship between humans and their surroundings. The results enable us to establish the key principles for designing new running routes that support runners during their exertion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Landscape during Long-Distance Running Activity

Gajdek,

Kasprzyk,

Ortyl

2024

Sustainability

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“…Reversal theory suggests that three factors can facilitate or induce a reversal separately or in combination. Firstly, the experience of contingent events, in which changes in an individual's environment or surroundings produce a change in the meta-motivational state (Watkins, 2017). Specifically, individuals normally switch to a negativist state from the conformist state when faced with a threat or burden.…”

Section: Underpinning Theory: Reversal Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirdly, there is the experience of satiation, in which prolonged time is spent in a particular state. In this case, an individual becomes mindful of the internal factors such as dissatisfaction with the burden of SST 2.0 or environmental indications, for example, the price manipulation by the businesses, to switch states (Watkins, 2017). The study's main objective is to examine the factors that can help enhance public acceptance of indirect tax implementa-tion by adopting the elements of guiding principles of good tax policy.…”

Section: Underpinning Theory: Reversal Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Tax Policy Acceptance Model: From the Perspective of the Public in Malaysia

Hamid¹,

Jamel²,

Zawawi³

et al. 2023

R. Econ. and Finan.

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Given the strong rumour that the Goods and Services Tax (GST) may be re-introduced in Malaysia, Bernama (2022) reported that Malaysia is keen on reintroducing GST to expand its revenue base and carry the weight of public subsidies. Due to GST abolishment, Malaysia incurred an annual revenue loss of RM20 billion, shockingly, the reintroduction of SST contributed little to the government. Unfortunately, from the public's perspective, GST remains a very unpopular indirect tax reform due to its regressive nature, affecting both the poor and rich. Since the tax applies to every transaction regardless of the socioeconomic status of individuals, it places an undue burden, especially on poor households. The literature on the critical catalyst of the public acceptance of Malaysian indirect tax also lacks discussions on a specific public acceptance model for indirect tax policy implementation. This study, therefore, aims to bridge the gap by proposing an indirect tax acceptance model using the guiding principles of sound tax policy recommended by AICPA ( 2017). Using a quantitative approach, questionnaires were distributed to the B40, M40, and T20 household income earners throughout Malaysia. The results show that the guiding principles of the effectiveness of tax administrations, transparency and visibility, appropriate government revenue, neutrality, and simplicity are the variables that allow the assessment of public behaviour towards indirect tax. The findings can provide helpful feedback to relevant policymakers and tax authorities in designing a more acceptable indirect tax.

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“…Both studies highlight the importance of the social identity construct to better understand the psychology of UE athletes and the need to apply broader theories and frameworks to study the complex factors leading to the committed engagement with extreme and UE sports. A recent study on UE runners used the framework of reversal theory to understand why and how humans run ultramarathons [30], generating interesting phenomenological insights into meta-motivational states and the psycho-diversity of UE runners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new temporal framework for the passionate engagement journey of ultra-endurance athletes: A qualitative investigation

Bill,

Philippe

2023

PLoS ONE

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The explosion of popularity of ultra-endurance (UE) sports in the last 20 years has attracted a lot of interest amongst sport psychologists who studied many aspects of their participants. However, a temporal perspective on the development of the UE engagement was missing. With this research we aimed to explore the long-term individual journeys of UE athletes and how their passion developed over time from the moment of inception to full adoption of UE as an identity and a lifestyle. For this purpose, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 UE athletes (12 male and 4 female, mean age 43.4, SD 10) in cycling, trail running and triathlon. Five key themes (with 13 sub-themes) of their UE engagement journey emerged as the result of the interpretative phenomenological analysis of the interviews: 1) The making of the UE athlete, 2) Finding the tribe, 3) Peak experiences, 4) UE lifestyle and 5) UE passion and outcomes. Rich descriptions were generated demonstrating that the development journey of UE athletes is a multi-year, sometimes life-long endeavour, which is full of unique experiences, emotional rollercoasters, passion, overcoming and surrender stories and also of spiritual growth. And while each journey we heard was unique, we could observe similarities in its key milestones. We summarized them in a wholistic UE journey framework which we developed based on this research. The new “Temporal framework for progressive UE engagement and passion development” is presented here for discussion and further validation.

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Examining the diversity of ultra-running motivations and experiences: A reversal theory perspective

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

The Importance of Landscape during Long-Distance Running Activity

The Importance of Landscape during Long-Distance Running Activity

Indirect Tax Policy Acceptance Model: From the Perspective of the Public in Malaysia

A new temporal framework for the passionate engagement journey of ultra-endurance athletes: A qualitative investigation

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