In the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm, routers are generic and programmable forwarding units that transmit packets according to a given policy defined by a software controller. Recent research has shown the potential of such a communication concept for NoC management, resulting in hardware complexity reduction, management flexibility, real-time guarantees, and self-adaptation. However, a centralized SDN controller is a bottleneck for large-scale systems.Assuming an NoC with multiple physical subnets, this work proposes a distributed SDN architecture (D-SDN), with each controller managing one cluster of routers. Controllers work in parallel for local (intra-cluster) paths. For global (inter-cluster) paths, the controllers execute a synchronization protocol inspired by VLSI routing, with global and detailed routing phases. This work also proposes a short path establishment heuristic for global paths that explores the controllers' parallelism.D-SDN outperforms a centralized approach (C-SDN) for larger networks without loss of success rate. Evaluations up to 2,304 cores and 6 subnets shows that: (i) D-SDN outperforms C-SDN in path establishment latency up to 69.7% for 1 subnet above 32 cores, and 51% for 6 subnets above 1,024 cores; (ii) D-SDN achieves a smaller latency then C-SDN (on average 54%) for scenarios with more than 70% of local paths; (iii) the path success rate, for all scenarios, is similar in both approaches, with an average difference of 1.7%; (iv) the data storage for the C-SDN controller increases with the system size, while it remains constant for D-SDN.
Recent exploration of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) for Many-Core Systems-on-Chip (MCSoCs) showed higher management flexibility and reduced physical complexity compared to other runtime communication management. In SDN, there is a software SDN Controller (control layer) that configures generic routers (data layer). The adoption of SDN makes the path establishment programmable and straightforward, according to different network policies, such as low power, QoS, fault-tolerance. It is also possible to change the path establishment policies at runtime without the need to redesign the NoC. Current works focus on proposing SDN architectures, lacking a systemic framework that describes the steps required to implement SDN into a Many-core environment. Security is an observed gap in SDN designs. A malicious task could configure SDN routers and take control of the NoC. The contribution of this work is to present a systemic and secure SDN framework (SDN-SS), detailing the steps required to support SDN in MCSoCs. This work also describes the iteration between the hardware, operating system, and user's tasks. The SDN-SS manages a Multiple-Physical NoC, with one packet-switching subnet and a set of circuitswitching subnets. The originality of SDN-SS includes (i) a step-by-step framework description addressing the phases required to support a secure SDN management; (ii) a secure SDN router configuration protocol; (iii) a protocol to change the subnet at runtime. Experimental results show the framework's capability to avoid DoS and Spoofing attacks while presents a low SDN router configuration overhead, corresponding up to 2% of a related work delay and a small impact over the user's task communication.
This work presents Memphis, which comprises a flexible EDA framework and a manycore model for heterogeneous SoCs. The framework, together with the many-core model supports the integration of processors, network interfaces, routers, and peripherals. A set of tools enable a decoupled generation and compilation of the hardware, operating systems, and applications. The hardware model is cycle-accurate, with a SystemC model to speed up simulation time and a VHDL model enabling prototyping in FPGAs devices. The framework provides a rich set of graphical debugging tools enabling an easy and intuitive understanding of computation and communication events happening at runtime. The coupled integration of the platform model to the EDA framework makes Memphis well suited to be employed in research and teaching. As case studies, we provide a set of evaluations addressing the many-core generation, simulation, and debugging. Different applications sets were employed, enabling to characterize the computation and communication performance of the many-core, as well as, evaluate an AES encryption application performance according to different levels of parallelism.
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