Municipal Health Councils of Brazil: a debate on the democratization of health in the twenty years of the UHS

No abstract

O presente artigo dirige-se a alunos, docentes e pesquisadores da Saúde Coletiva, e tem por objetivo contribuir para o debate sobre as possibilidades de aplicação da técnica de observação participante na pesquisa social em saúde, fornecendo especialmente a alunos de pós-graduação em Saúde Pública (strictu e lato sensu) subsídios teórico-metodológicos e prático-instrumentais para a sua compreensão. A motivação provém da experiência acadêmico-profissional dos autores, com destaque para a docência da disciplina "Metodologia de pesquisa social II: as técnicas de levantamento de informação", do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva do DCS/ENSP/Fiocruz, nas modalidades strictu e lato sensu.

This paper analyzes Brazilian health regions according to their service delivery capacity from the debate on the crisis of cooperative federalism in the SUS that resulted from decentralizing process established in the 1988 Constitution. Service delivery capacity tracer indicators were selected by regions and statistical analyses evidenced greater regional capacity in hospital care and large asymmetries with regard to the availability of physicians, high complexity equipment and private insurance coverage. In conclusion,we argue that further solutions are required to strengthen governmental capacity to reduce regional inequalities throughincreased central coordination.

This essay article examines suicide among young people in Brazil on the basis of Durkheim's classical approaches as revisited in current discussions of social integration networks. It presents arguments regarding the behaviour of suicide mortality rates in the light of classical public health assumptions as to social causality in processes of health and illness. The mortality rates, updated in line with international statistics, review of data in Brazilian studies and recent series for Brazil, reveal suicide "aptitudes" by age, sex and social group. The linear and non-linear nature of the trends are treated in the context of pathways in complex social systems. Current data were prospected in the Ministry of Health'sNational Mortality Information System and World Health Organisation databases. In this policy analysis study, a conceptual outline was built up from classical theory updated to the present-day context, analysis of data relevant to the study object and observation of target groups for comprehensive, inclusive policies. The results of this analysis reveal that adolescents and young people are highly liable to growing, sustained, high-impact vulnerability to suicide. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License BY CC

This paper aims to identify and analyze the political obstacles to the implementation of Organizational

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar principais características da mortalidade por ATT no Brasil, 1996-2015, com foco na faixa de 10-29 anos. Estudo com 2 etapas articuladas: (i) revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema violência no trânsito no Brasil; (ii) estudo da mortalidade por ATT no SIM. A primeira situa o estado da arte da produção científica sobre o tema e produz o referencial teórico para a análise da segunda. No período, morreram por ATT cerca de 39.000 pessoas/ano, das quais cerca de 13.200 adolescentes e jovens. Para atingir o ODS 3.6, o país deve reduzir a mortalidade para algo em torno de 19.500/ano e, entre adolescentes e jovens, para 6.500/ano. Com a instituição do CTB houve queda na taxa de mortalidade por ATT entre 1997 e 2000. A taxa aumentou na década posterior. O foco nos adolescentes e jovens ajuda a compreender: no período pós CTB e Lei Seca, motociclistas do sexo masculino, pretos e pardos tornaram-se as principais vítimas. A literatura levantada propicia a análise dos dados e demonstra que a redução passa por uma discussão articulada que envolve políticas de saúde do trabalhador, gênero, emprego, mobilidade urbana e propaganda. Em termos de ODS isto significa que atingir o ODS 3.6 é um processo que envolve a interação com políticas que visem outros ODS.

This article analyses the main characteristics of federalism in Brazil and its institutional relations with health policy. It discusses federalism from a classical perspective highlighting the essentially centralized nature of Brazil's system and the prevalence of decentralizing health policies underpinned by the principles enshrined by the 1988 Constitution.We used primary data obtained from an electronic questionnaire responded by secretaries of health sitting on the governing bodies of the country's health region and secondary data Ministry of Health databases covering the current health regions. The findings show that significant progress has been made in the implementation of regional governing bodies, yet without any significant impact on the reduction of deep regional inequalities in primary and hospital care. It concludes by suggesting that the persistence of inequalities is down to weak central coordination capacity and an inappropriate trade-off between a centralized federal system and competition between entities, thus undermining cooperative regionalization of the public health system as envisaged by the 1988 Constitution.