A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) é internacionalmente reconhecida pelo papel que desempenha na prevenção e redução dos impactos decorrentes de propostas de implantação de empresas e de empreendimentos. Contudo, os sistemas de AIA em todo mundo vêm sendo questionado quanto à morosidade dos procedimentos empregados e, por isso, decorrem propostas de simplificações dos trâmites e/ou complexidade dos estudos ambientais exigidos. No caso específico dos estudos ambientais simplificados, recaem dúvidas sobre a pertinência e qualidade desses documentos como únicos insumos na tomada de decisão acerca da viabilidade ambiental dos projetos propostos. Considerando essas lacunas, o presente artigo parte da revisão sistemática da literatura para a proposição de requisitos de qualidade para estudos ambientais em processos de AIA, os quais são aplicados na avaliação do Relatório Ambiental Preliminar (RAP) de uma barragem para abastecimento de água no Estado de São Paulo (SP). Este caso se revelou tratar de documento com uma série de deficiências que comprometem a eficácia do processo de AIA. Conclui-se pela necessidade de reafirmação dos mecanismos de participação pública e adoção de ferramentas que contribuam para uma avaliação mais objetiva dos estudos ambientais apresentados, fornecendo meios para que técnicos e autoridades ambientais possam distinguir as lacunas de informação decorrentes do nível de conhecimento sobre o meio e das omissões intencionais.
The article proposes a set of requirements to be used in assessing the potential of the River Basin Management Plans as instruments: (i) of (vertical) articulation between river basin planning and national and state planning of water resources; (ii) of articulation (horizontal) between water resources planning and other sectorial planning; (iii) of integration between water resources planning and regional and municipal strategies for land use planning and environmental sanitation; (iv) of water safety. These requirements were applied to the Alto-Tietê River Basin Management Plan, which demonstrated low potential for horizontal articulation and water safety planning. To overcome these limitations, it is suggested, in the next plan revisions, the use of planning tools that promote the involvement of society in a complementary way to the discussions in the river basin committee, fostering shared decision-making between the different actors and user sectors.
The state of São Paulo has a history of habitat loss and fragmentation in endemic areas with projects that threaten its biodiversity. Therefore, this study analyzed how the Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) of mining activities of the state of São Paulo (2005-2016) considered the biodiversity theme in different chapters. To analyze the ten selected EISs, we used the Index of Biodiversity Inclusion (IBI), which reflects the analysis of environmental indicators (from 0 to 1), depending on the commitment presented in each of the indicators. The IBI values ranged from 0.25 to 0.67 with significant variation among EISs. Most of them partially met the criteria, which was a profile similar to other countries, representing information gaps in most of the chapters covering biodiversity. The shortcomings were data limitation, impact analysis, and inadequate mitigation measures, in which the study highlights the need for a better scoping definition previous to Environmental Impact Assessment.
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