The present work aims to understand the development of the earliest labor market centers in Brazil, located at São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It seeks to frame up the development of such labor markets among the socioeconomic modernization movement in these cities between the latter part of the XIXth century and the earlier decades of the XXth century. For that, the 1920 industrial and demographical censuses were used to reconstruct the labor structure and to assess the proportions taken by the impact of salary relations in these social frameworks. Such analysis brought us to the conclusion that the São Paulo labor market was more dynamical than the one in Rio de Janeiro in promoting the build-up of capitalist social relations in labor activities. Lastly, it sought to raise thoughts about the empowerment of workers and the way it was exerted from their different positions occupied in the labor market.
This study contributes to the understanding of two fundamental aspects of the development of capitalism in Brazil between 1940 and 1980: industrialization and the national structuring of the labor market. Through dense empirical research with statistical information compiled in the demographic and industrial censuses and in the PNAD micro data, we seek to demonstrate the historical trajectory of the structuring of the labor market in Brazil over the four decades of the selected chronological cut. We show the changes in the structure of employment and the dynamics of salary expansion, with emphasis on the comparison between the different rhythms of wage expansion practiced in São Paulo and Bahia. This analysis allowed us to demonstrate how the occupied population was, throughout the period, strongly segmented between activities organized around the capital and a myriad of non-capitalist activities. Empirical evidence also allowed us to see that the main mark of underdevelopment, the maintenance of structural heterogeneity, had more marked outlines in the national periphery than in the dynamic core of the Brazilian economy.
ResumoO artigo traz uma análise da estrutura da força de trabalho posicionada no Vale do Paraíba e no Oeste Paulista. A partir dos dados do censo de 1872, buscamos verificar empiricamente a proporção de trabalhadores livres e escravizados na força de trabalho, e sua segmentação entre as atividades econômicas. Constatou-se que a expansão da economia agrícola, puxada pela lavoura cafeeira, foi responsável pela mobilização de uma parcela da força de trabalho livre muito maior do que foi previsto nos estudos clássicos da história econômica.Palavras-chave: Força de trabalho; Escravidão; Trabalho livre; Economia cafeeira. AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the structure of the labor force positioned in Vale do Paraíba and the west region of São Paulo state, in Brazil. Relying on data from the 1872 census, our main effort was to find, based on empirical methods, the ratio between free and slave labor force, and its distribution among economic activities. It has been found that the expansion of agricultural economy, driven by coffee production, was responsible for mobilization of free labor, in far higher levels than originally presumed in traditional studies on economic history.
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