Industrialização, consolidação do capitalismo e mercado de trabalho no Brasil: um olhar histórico-espacial a partir do contraponto entre São Paulo e a Bahia (1940-1980)

Abstract

This study contributes to the understanding of two fundamental aspects of the development of capitalism in Brazil between 1940 and 1980: industrialization and the national structuring of the labor market. Through dense empirical research with statistical information compiled in the demographic and industrial censuses and in the PNAD micro data, we seek to demonstrate the historical trajectory of the structuring of the labor market in Brazil over the four decades of the selected chronological cut. We show the changes in the structure of employment and the dynamics of salary expansion, with emphasis on the comparison between the different rhythms of wage expansion practiced in São Paulo and Bahia. This analysis allowed us to demonstrate how the occupied population was, throughout the period, strongly segmented between activities organized around the capital and a myriad of non-capitalist activities. Empirical evidence also allowed us to see that the main mark of underdevelopment, the maintenance of structural heterogeneity, had more marked outlines in the national periphery than in the dynamic core of the Brazilian economy.